Detailed entries (99)
Nicole Brown Simpson's right- and left-hand fingernail clippings and scrapings, principally identified as Items 84-A and 84-B, and their associated test results. Testimony described EAP findings as Type B or a qualified B-like pattern that the prosecution attributed to degradation, while defense counsel argued that the result suggested an unknown source. PCR and D1S80 testimony described results consistent with Nicole Brown Simpson and excluding Simpson and Goldman, with testimony noting uncertainty about whether different laboratories tested the same portions.
Plaintiffs'/Civil 293, a board titled “Results of DNA Analysis, Bronco Automobile,” presenting DNA results for Bronco locations and evidence items including 25, 26, 30, 31, 33/293, and 303–305. Witnesses used it to discuss PCR and RFLP findings, concordance among items, and disputed contamination interpretations.
Defense 1176 photograph of D1S80 gel run AG297 involving dress samples G5 and G6, together with the Exhibit 275-I blue film copy and Defense 1176-A printout bearing arrows that mark faint 24-allele bands.
Civil-trial exhibit 1281, a board or display containing original and repeat DQ-Alpha strip results for Bundy item 52 together with QC877 and positive-control results. Counsel used the faint 1.3 indications to question why the item 52 indication was rejected while comparable indications were credited elsewhere; Gary Sims characterized the item 52 indications as cross-hybridization.
Dr. Blake's enlarged photograph of DQ-Alpha strips from Bronco stain analyses, bearing handwriting by Renee Montgomery. Testimony used it to discuss stain 31, QC 816, the positive control, and steering-wheel Item 29; during examination, the referenced Item 29 result could not be located within the exhibit.
Plaintiffs' 291, a board titled “Results of DNA Analysis, Bundy Crime Scene,” presenting DQ-Alpha, Polymarker, and D1S80 findings, laboratory comparisons, and frequency calculations added during testimony. It was later used for item-by-item questioning about contamination; Bradley Popovich testified that the samples were not contaminated and that the three laboratories' results were consistent.
Defendants’ 1275, a display of DQ Alpha and polymarker testing results for reference samples associated with O.J. Simpson, Nicole Brown Simpson, and Ronald Goldman. Robert Blasier highlighted faint unexpected allele indications in the victims’ results, while Dr. John Gerdes interpreted the display as showing Simpson-associated alleles in results attributed to multiple laboratories.
Plaintiffs' 297, the chart titled “Results of DNA Analysis, Rockingham Socks,” presenting D1S80 allele types reported as consistent with Nicole Brown and O.J. Simpson. Dr. Robin Cotton added frequency numbers to the board during testimony.
Civil 1279, a DQ Alpha board for Bronco-console items 30 and 31 with QC816 and positive-control material. Dr. Gerdes testified that anomalous control alleles rendered the item results unreliable, and later testimony used the board to discuss an unexplained 1.3 allele in QC816 and item 30.
Defendant's 1315-A and 1315-B are blocked and unblocked discovery-production versions of the same LAPD typing sheet. Dr. Gerdes testified that he had been told the blocked strips were evidence items and discussed the unblocked version as showing a control swatch with a 4 dot.
Defense 1170, the Cellmark polymarker strip for Bronco steering-wheel item 29. Gary Sims declined to interpret its dot intensities because of his limited polymarker experience, and its admissibility was later contested and taken under submission pending transcript review.
People's 272-B, a left-hand-glove results board showing PCR/DQ-Alpha allele calls for multiple areas, including G10; corrected magnetic number covers were applied to several displayed areas and the LAPD-tested sample.
On redirect examination of Gary Sims, Harmon discussed a DNA mixture on People's 9 described as consistent with Goldman, Simpson, and Brown and attempted through a subsequently withdrawn hypothetical to link the glove's presence in the Bronco to the console results.
People's 259, the Bundy DNA-results display grouping for crime-scene evidence including walkway, rear-gate, and other stains. Used during successive testimony to compare PCR and RFLP findings, it was updated with combined-frequency patches, written frequency estimates, and other annotations; Mr. Clarke later used it while seeking concessions from Dr. John Gerdes about reported marker consistencies.
Defense 1309, a photographed board displaying DQ-Alpha strips and DOJ typing results for Bronco console items 30 and 31, collected June 14, 1994. The defense used the display to challenge the scientific acceptability of the contested 1.3 allele dot reported for item 31.
Defense 1310, a board or chart showing DOJ DQ-Alpha typing-strip results for Bundy blood-drop item 52. Barry Scheck used the display to argue that allele 1.3 had been called inconsistently for items 52 and 31 and to contrast decisions about rerunning those items.
Department of Justice DQ-Alpha strip for Item 52, also described as item 52/58, bearing a faint 1.3 band or dot. Gerdes characterized the indication as contamination; Popovich attributed it to high-DNA-concentration cross-contamination rather than evidence contamination, while the plaintiffs' experts attributed it to cross-hybridization.
People's 272-A, a glove DNA-results board listing stains G1–G4 and G9–G14 with PCR and RFLP findings. It was displayed during testimony, and a cover was removed to reveal DQ-Alpha results and a “Not Excluded” column.
Plaintiffs' 296, a board titled “Results of DNA Analysis — Rockingham Residence,” recorded DNA-analysis results for residence evidence, including driveway items 6 and 7 and foyer item 12. It was introduced, displayed, and discussed during civil-trial testimony.
Defendants' 2185, a set of physical DQ Alpha testing strips from DOJ laboratory runs on Bronco samples, including item 29 from the steering wheel and item 31 from the console; testimony disputed the interpretation of a faint allele 4 dot and a missing 1.3 result.
Dot-blot photograph with Dr. Blake's handwriting showing DQ-Alpha hybridization strips for Bundy drop Item 52, identified as DOJ 55-A, and Bundy-drop substrate controls. It was displayed, marked with a Post-it arrow by Sims, and passed to the jury; Sims maintained that the 1.3 indication was an artifact and cited Cellmark results as corroboration.
Defense 1177, a photograph of a D1S80 gel containing fingernail-scraping samples and described during later testimony as a computer scan of a photograph taken by Dr. Ed Blake.
Defense 1308, a board showing DQ-Alpha and GC polymarker genotypes for O.J. Simpson, Nicole Brown Simpson, and Ron Goldman alongside LAPD, Cellmark, and DOJ typing results. Barry Scheck later used the victim-reference results to support a contamination theory concerning item 12.
PCR evidence for Item 52, a Bundy blood drop near the driveway wall, bearing a disputed extra 1.3 indication. Blasier said it suggested crime-scene cross-contamination during the motion hearing and later contended that it was unexplained and inconsistent with the prosecution theory.
Hair sample identified as LAPD Item 113, reported as fully consumed during testing with no human DNA detected.
PCR results for Rockingham item 6, identified as a blood stain, with DQ-Alpha types 1.1 and 1.2 and D1S80 types 24 and 25. Renee Montgomery confirmed that D1S80 results had been obtained, and Gary Sims described the reported types as consistent with Simpson.
DQ Alpha results board showing test results across the LAPD, Cellmark, and DOJ laboratories.
Dr. Gerdes testified that the original June tests of Bronco stains 30 and 31 were unreliable because controls showed extraneous alleles.
DQ Alpha board confirming that O.J. Simpson does not have a 1.3 allele.
Chart created and marked for identification during examination, showing DQ-Alpha alleles observed in Bronco steering-wheel item 29 and categories of persons described as not excluded.
DQ-Alpha reverse dot-blot strip marked and used to demonstrate to the jury how allele-typing results are read.
Printout of DQ-Alpha photo with arrows
Photograph with arrows added by Sims to mark the locations of 1.3 dots.
Two-page document listing all 37 two-person genotype combinations that, when combined with OJ Simpson's 1.1, 1.2 DQ-Alpha genotype, account for all alleles in Bronco stain 303.
Laboratory-controls list entry showing Dennis Fung's DQ-Alpha and D1S80 genotypes as 1.1, 2 and 18, 28.
Laboratory-controls list entry showing Andrea Mazzola's DQ-Alpha and D1S80 genotypes as 1.1, 1.2 and 31, 39.
Slide listing genotypes that could contribute the number 4 allele to the steering-wheel mixture.
Document summarizing criminal-trial DNA results for Bronco stains.
Slide illustrating DQ-alpha allele inheritance and blood-mixture typing, introduced by analogy to EAP inheritance to demonstrate that mixed samples can type differently from either source.
Combined reference to DQ-Alpha and polymarker genotypes for Fung and Mazzola; Defense 1158 was withdrawn, while 1191-A and 1191-B were admitted without objection.
Physical DQ-Alpha hybridization strip from an LAPD Korean database run dated August 25, introduced and displayed during Dr. Gerdes's examination.
Korean database PCR strip printout discussed during Dr. Gerdes's examination as showing four contaminant alleles and a clean negative control.
Korean database printout bearing a negative-control strip labeled “NC” by Dr. Gerdes.
Chart: Extra 1.2 allele observations by month
Chart: Extra no. 2 allele observations by month
Chart: Extra 3 allele observations (minimal — 3 out of 61)
Chart from the AmpliType user guide illustrating a classic DX artifact in strips 7 and 8.
Chart distinguishing nine classic DX artifacts among 46 extra 1.1 observations. Gerdes stated that other observations with 1 dots could be contaminants but could not be scientifically classified without additional testing.
Chart: Extra 1.3 allele observations by month
LAPD DNA hybridization sheet for June 15, 1994 typings of the NBS and Goldman reference samples, described during examination as showing a faint 1.2 band on the NBS strip.
Printout of a hybridization-strip photograph labeled NBS and RG, showing the faint 1.2 band that Gerdes identified on Nicole Brown Simpson's reference sample.
Photograph of Cellmark typing strips (DQ-Alpha and polymarker) for NBS and Goldman reference samples, showing an extremely faint or absent C control dot.
Bronco console DNA typing board and photographs of DOJ DQ-Alpha strips used for side-by-side comparison during Dr. John Gerdes's examination.
Board and photographs of DQ-Alpha strips from October 31 and December 31, 1994 runs involving rehybridization of item 52.
Proficiency-test worksheets showing two hybridization runs on the same DQ-Alpha samples.
Seven defense photographs of D1S80 gel films, confirmed by Montgomery as accurate copies.
Zoomed-in view of sample 31 reported as 'inconclusive'
Results chart showing entries 1.3 and 4 for a Bundy blood drop, derived from Yamauchi's data sheet.
Dr. Gerdes' analysis of LAPD validation data and a chart titled “LAPD DQ-Alpha contamination incidents,” later renamed to refer to “unexpected alleles.”
In closing argument, Robert Blasier asserted that item 33 yielded no blood type, controls for items 30 and 31 showed extraneous dots, and item 29 showed only a faint 4 allele with no visible 1.3.
First Bundy blood drop, HLA DQ Alpha type 1.1, 1.2
Polymarker and D1S80 typing results for Fung and Mazzola
Blood drop from the Bronco carpet reported as DQ-Alpha 1.1/1.2 and consistent with O.J. Simpson.
Large chart showing DQ-alpha and polymarker typing strips, used during Dr. Cotton's testimony to identify the control dot.
Photograph of rehybridization strips including DNA 55A associated with LAPD item 52, sock stains 42B1 and 41B2, and controls; introduced during Gary Sims's redirect concerning his original 1.1 and 1.2 call on item 52.
Series of 18 duplicate film copies of D1S80 gels. People's 275-A was an illustrative non-casework gel using convicted-offender database samples; People's 275-B showed reference samples only for Simpson, Goldman, and Brown.
Gel showing D1S80 reference samples for runs 30, 31, 293, and 305, including OJ Simpson's reference lane with shadow-band artifacts.
Gel showing a 24, 25 typing result for Bundy stain no. 50.
Blue copy photograph of gel AG174 showing D1S80 reference samples for Simpson (24/25), Goldman (24 homozygote), and Nicole Brown (18/18 homozygote).
Gel AG2-44 — D1S80 sock typing film
Gel AG62-65 — D1S80 glove typing film (G11–G14)
Gel G293 — D1S80 fingernail scraping/clipping typing film
Photograph of a D1S80 gel film containing Bronco samples 30, 31, and 293, used illustratively to examine the band intensity in the one-nanogram control lane.
Gel G295 D1S80 typing film for rear-gate Bundy stains 115, 116, and 117, marked for identification and analyzed in detail.
Montgomery's original AG293 D1S80 gel for the fingernail-scrapings run, with a transparency of its labeling taped to the back; passed to the jury with handling instructions.
Film showing dress-sample results with 24 allele bands, displayed during comparison with a substrate-control artifact.
Gel showing a substrate control and an artifact disputed during examination as either an artifact or a real band.
DNA electrophoresis product-gel record on page L-175 bearing amplification number 61.
Additional evidence items with substrate controls
Substrate controls for corresponding bloodstain items
Photograph of hybridization run no. 199, dated May 25, 1994, involving reference hair-shaft samples and identifying Harry Klann as the analyst.
Slides showing DQ-Alpha typing results from the LAPD laboratory for Bundy blood-drop items 48, 50, and 52.
Photograph of LAPD hybridization record 101, run January 14, 1994 by analyst Erin Riley and confirmed by Collin Yamauchi, showing multiple alleles in the negative control and the analyst's notation of the contamination event.
Slide summarizing Yamauchi's PCR typing sessions on June 14–15, showing 42 total samples, including 21 controls.
DOJ typing sheet for Bundy blood-drop item 52 (DNA 55A), from the October 31 run.
During his opening statement, Johnnie Cochran read that People's 84A and 84B could not have come from Nicole Brown Simpson, Ronald Goldman, or O.J. Simpson.
Hand-drawn diagram by Dr. Cotton showing Polymarker allele combinations AA, AB, BB, AC, BC, and CC.
Hand-drawn diagram by Dr. Cotton showing DQ Alpha numerical allele combinations 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2, 3, and 4.
Yamauchi's analyzed evidence report for DR number 940817431 (People v. Simpson), listing all evidence items tested and DQ Alpha results
Chart of blood-stain analysis results marked at the start of the proceeding.
Copy of a D1S80 gel showing banding patterns and composite ladders, used as a demonstrative to explain the D1S80 typing system.
PCR results for Item 7, a blood drop from the Rockingham driveway. Dr. Cotton's 1995 testimony recorded a polymarker match to Simpson with reported frequencies from 1 in 410 for African Americans to 1 in 3,400 for Caucasians and described DQ Alpha as excluded; her 1996 testimony described DQ Alpha as inconclusive and Nicole Brown and Goldman as excluded.
DQ-Alpha PCR result for Item 78, a stain on the bottom of Ronald Goldman's boot, showing types 1.1, 1.3, 4, and possibly 1.2. The stain was described as containing alleles consistent with Nicole Brown Simpson and Goldman, while testimony also noted Goldman alleles absent from the stain and questioned the missing-allele assumption.
PCR results for Item 84, comprising left- and right-hand fingernail clippings and scrapings from Nicole Brown, were discussed as matching Nicole, with reported frequencies from 1 in 2,500 to 1 in 26,000 and no second contributor detected.
DQ-Alpha result of 1.1, 1.2 for LAPD item 34 from the Bronco driver's-side interior wall. Sims described the result as consistent with Simpson and said limited DNA prevented further testing; Yamauchi said the result matched the Department of Justice result.
DNA-results record for LAPD Item 84, comprising right-hand scrapings, left-hand scrapings, and right-hand clippings from Nicole Brown Simpson and reporting an 18/18 homozygous result throughout.
Collection of more than 1,000 LAPD PCR DQ-Alpha typing strips from validation studies. The strips were discussed in Gerdes's criminal-trial examination and were central to the later motion concerning the scope of his civil-trial testimony.
Unstained substrate controls for evidence items 7, 12, 49, and 56, all reported as producing no detectable DNA.
PCR control swatches run alongside each evidence item; testimony described their results as blank.
Additional references (41)
Brief references from transcripts that don't warrant an individual page. Each has a single source or is mentioned only in passing.
- 23 stains from victims' clothing tested for D1S80 type
- Amplitype guide paragraph 14 — recommended sample limit — The Amplitype user guide's Special Precautions section, paragraph 14, recommends limiting a run to approximately 15 samples to reduce mix-up and contamination risk.
- California DOJ D1S80 test results — D1S80 test results from the California Department of Justice associated with Gary Sims and Renee Montgomery.
- Case-evidence DQ-Alpha strips, June 14–15, 1994 — DQ-Alpha typing strips for evidence items in the case, run by Yamauchi on June 14–15, 1994.
- Claimed number 4 allele on the steering column — In closing argument, defense counsel referenced a number 4 allele on the steering column as an unexplained anomaly that did not fit the prosecution's case.
- Defendant's Responses to DNA Requests for Admissions — Defendant's responses to requests for admissions concerning DNA results, described by Petrocelli in closing argument as having been read to the jury and as constituting defense admissions to those results.
- DOJ final reports — possible 1.2 DQ-Alpha allele for G10 — DOJ laboratory final reports containing a notation that a 1.2 DQ-Alpha allele was possible for stain G10.
- DQ Alpha strip photograph — Goldman and Brown reference samples — Photograph of DQ Alpha typing strips showing portions for the Goldman and Nicole Brown reference blood samples.
- DQ-Alpha and polymarker PCR test results from Cellmark (Dr. Cotton's lab)
- DQ-Alpha Results for Item 29 Mixed Stain — DQ-Alpha results for item 29 reporting alleles 1.1, 1.2, and 4; the source states that Simpson and Nicole Brown Simpson were not excluded and that Goldman was excluded because allele 1.3 was not present.
- DQ-Alpha strips showing no typing results on substrate controls
- Dr. Gerdes' May 22 notes on LAPD PCR DQ-Alpha results — Six pages of Dr. Gerdes' notes and tabulations dated May 22, covering LAPD hybridization strips and PCR DQ-Alpha typing results from October 1993 through late 1994.
- EAP B Double-Banded Blood-Typing Result — Cochran cited an EAP B double-banded B result as unresolved by the prosecution and argued that it indicated a second person's blood.
- Gerdes' original chart, 'LAPD DQ-Alpha contamination incidents during validation 5/25/93 to 8/25/94' — Gerdes' original chart titled 'LAPD DQ-Alpha contamination incidents during validation 5/25/93 to 8/25/94.'
- Gerdes' PCR-strip and control data, May through July 1994 — Gerdes' charts and data on PCR strip runs, extraction controls, and negative controls for the period May through July 1994.
- Gerdes' renamed chart, 'LAPD DQ-Alpha unexpected alleles during validation 5/25/93 to 8/25/94' — Gerdes' renamed chart titled 'LAPD DQ-Alpha unexpected alleles during validation 5/25/93 to 8/25/94.'
- Glove stain G10 — DQ-Alpha and D1S80 results — Glove stain G10 was discussed as having the same DQ-Alpha mixture as the console, while D1S80 showed only alleles 24 and 25.
- Item 14 — master bathroom floor at Rockingham; DQ-Alpha result 1.1, 1.2
- Item 31 and Item 52 Evidence Strips — Evidence strips for Item 31, the Bronco console stain, and Item 52, the Bundy blood drop, with disputed 1.3 allele dots.
- Item 42A2 / Sock 13A — PCR results — Gary Sims confirmed PCR results for Item 42A2, also identified as Sock 13A and described as Simpson's sock.
- Item 52 — October and December 1994 DQ Alpha strip results — DQ Alpha strip-test results for Item 52 from October 31 and December 31, 1994, showing a trace of 1.3 described as inconsistent with O.J. Simpson.
- Item 56 — Shoeprint PCR polymarker results — Dr. Cotton presented Item 56, a shoeprint sample, as a PCR polymarker match to Nicole Brown, with frequencies ranging from 1 in 48 for Caucasians to 1 in 610 for African Americans. DQ-Alpha was excluded because the control dot was absent.
- Items G10, G13, G11 — Glove-stain D1S80 results — Blood-stain collection sites G10, G13, and G11 on the glove where D1S80 results consistent with Simpson were found.
- June 14 Twenty-Three-Tube Processing Run — June 14 processing run of 23 tubes containing Bundy blood-drop items 47, 48, 49, 50 and 52, samples used in place of victim exemplars, Simpson's reference blood, controls and other material.
- LAPD dot-blot strips reviewed and photographed by Dr. Gerdes — Dot-blot hybridization strips from the LAPD DNA laboratory, including validation studies and casework, reviewed and photographed by Dr. Gerdes during laboratory visits.
- LAPD DQ-Alpha strips, May 1993–August 1994 — More than 1,069 LAPD DQ-Alpha hybridization strips covering May 1993 through August 1994, including casework, proficiency-test, validation, and training strips.
- LAPD SID written protocol for PCR DQ-Alpha typing
- Mock-vaginal-swab validation strips and code sheet — Hybridization strips and code sheet from a mock-vaginal-swab validation study, showing an expected sperm-fraction type of 1.2, 1.3 and Yamauchi's recorded type of 1.2, 4.
- Nicole Brown Simpson reference-file polymarker result — Nicole Brown Simpson's reference-file polymarker test result showing a faint B at the GC locus.
- PCR test results by Gary Sims and Dr. Robin Cotton on fingernail blood
- PCR/DQ-alpha strip photographs from the DOJ laboratory — Photographs of PCR/DQ-alpha DNA test strips produced by the prosecution's DOJ laboratory under Gary Sims; the defense had received only Xerox copies.
- Perkin-Elmer AMP-FLP D1S80 kit insert, sections 8.3.1–8.3.2 — Product-insert sections warning about loss of larger bands in degraded samples and allele-mobility anomalies.
- Positive-control strips from two runs — Positive-control strips with an expected 1.1, 4 genotype; Dr. Gerdes described a possible 1.3 indication in both runs while discussing alleged control failure.
- Reagent blank control showing two DNA dots
- Right-hand glove sample G13 — D1S80 results by location — D1S80 PCR results for right-hand glove sample G13, organized by finger, palm, and wrist locations.
- Roche DNA-Typing Reagents — Amplification Run 33 — Roche DNA-typing kits or reagents associated with amplification run number 33, discussed as a possible source of anomalies involving activity in negative controls.
- September 3, 1993 mock vaginal swab — sperm-fraction DQ-Alpha result — Hybridization-strip results from the September 3, 1993 mock vaginal swab exercise showed 1.2, 4 for the sperm-cell fraction. Scheck challenged whether the result represented epithelial spillover rather than a true sperm contribution.
- Simpson, Brown, and Goldman Reference-Exemplar PCR Extraction Sequence — Testimony reciting the extraction order for the June 14 and June 15 runs involving reference blood exemplars from O.J. Simpson, Nicole Brown Simpson, and Ronald Goldman, with Simpson's reference processed last.
- Steering-wheel PCR result described as showing a 4 allele — In closing argument, prosecution counsel described a steering-wheel PCR result showing a 4 allele and suggested it could have come from several drivers, including the housekeeper Gigi. Counsel acknowledged that there were no PCR results for investigating officers for this item.
- Substrate control taken adjacent to steering wheel blood stain — returned no DNA
- Unresolved glove-and-socks results display boards — Display boards for glove and socks results that Harmon flagged as unresolved before testimony continued.