DNA analyst Gary Sims from the California Department of Justice testified extensively about RFLP and PCR testing, presenting statistics showing odds of 1 in 21 billion for Nicole Brown Simpson's blood on sock A. Harmon also used scientific literature and redirect hypotheticals to elicit Sims' view that contamination was detectable and unlikely under proper protocols and that the sequence of substrate controls argued against cross-contamination. Under intense cross-examination by Barry Scheck, Sims made concessions about proper laboratory contamination protocols—sample separation, material handling, cleaning procedures—while Scheck methodically suggested LAPD failed to follow documentation protocols and highlighted that Sims processed 21 Bronco samples simultaneously, above the guide's recommended batch size. The defense developed its core contamination theory: LAPD technicians processed known suspect samples alongside unknown crime scene samples, creating a cross-contamination risk that could explain the DNA results without proving guilt.