📄 Admissibility discussion — Friday, May 5, 1995
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C:\DEPT103\CRIMINAL\1995\MAY\5\ADMISSIBILITY-DISCUSSION.DOC
TRIAL
▲ Day 68 of 167

Admissibility discussion

Date: Friday, May 5, 1995 • Utterances: 67
A pre-testimony housekeeping session where Judge Ito ruled on which of Blasier's demonstrative charts could be used in recross-examination of criminalist Gary Matheson, overruling Goldberg's scope and expertise objections. The parties also negotiated the permissible form of a prosecution hypothetical about EDTA — mirroring the defense's earlier hypothetical but inverting it to assume no EDTA was detected.
1 THE COURT:

Back on the record. All parties are again present. Mr. Goldberg, you've reviewed some of the items that Mr. Blasier has presented?

2 MR. GOLDBERG:

Yes, your Honor. Your Honor, I did want to apologize on the record for the spirited nature of my comments this morning.

3 THE COURT:

Mr. Goldberg, there's no need to do that.

4 MR. GOLDBERG:

Thank you. I did find the transcript references to the Defense hypotheticals. I don't know whether the Court wanted to take a look at those or entertain the possibility of the People asking any questions at all on the subject of EDTA.

5 THE COURT:

Well, let's take up the issue I want to talk about first.

6 MR. GOLDBERG:

Okay. As to the items that counsel now wants to show the Defense, many of these are beyond the scope of this witness' direct testimony and redirect testimony and are also perhaps beyond the scope of his expertise. Evidently, in the a-1 portion of the chart, if the Court has a copy in front of it, and 2-B, what's being depicted there are DQ-alpha results, in other words, DNA results, and showing patterns of inheritance with DNA results. We haven't gone into that at all. In fact, I never mentioned patterns of inheritance at all. The only time that that was gone into is on cross-examination from Mr. Blasier, and I did not even mention it directly, indirectly, in any other way during recross. So it's beyond the scope of his expertise and--

7 THE COURT:

All right. 1-A and 1-B, let's take these up one at a--

8 MR. GOLDBERG:

3-C appears to be a statement of the cathodal to anodal pattern of degradation that's suggested by Mr. Saferstein and Sensabaugh. I didn't show this to Mr. Matheson. So I'm not positive whether this is correct because I didn't know whether I was allowed to. But it's possible that I might not have an objection to that because it could be a correct statement or a correct block diagram depicting--

9 THE COURT:

It appears to be an accurate description as described in the testimony.

10 MR. GOLDBERG:

That's my feeling.

11 THE COURT:

All right.

12 MR. GOLDBERG:

4-D appears to be containing an issue that should be gone into with the DNA witnesses. What is trying to be depicted here is that EAP would be found in red blood cells whereas the cells containing the DNA do not contain EAP. This is something that can be explored elsewhere. I did not mention it in any way during my redirect examination. It's beyond the scope. It's beyond the scope of the witness' expertise.

13 THE COURT:

5-E?

14 (Discussion held off the record between the Deputy District Attorney and Defense counsel.)
15 MR. GOLDBERG:

Okay. This is dealing with DNA results and the like. So again, same objections. Code of ethics, I don't know what the suggestion is here that Mr. Matheson has violated the code of ethics. I don't see anything inconsistent of course with his testimony, and it appears to be argumentative and also, it's hearsay under 721. So I would object to the usage of those provisions. And that it might also necessitate bringing out other provisions of the code of ethics dealing with the reporting of inconclusive results and showing that his reporting of the inconclusive results is in fact consistent with the code of ethics. So it opens up a whole new area that we haven't gone into. As I understand it, your Honor, the remaining items here are simply larger versions of what we've already gone over.

16 THE COURT:

All right. Mr. Blasier.

17 MR. BLASIER:

Your Honor, as to a and b, Mr. Goldberg asked on redirect--and I asked the court reporter to provide me with a copy of this. They don't have the full transcript yet. So this is probably not the page number that's going to be on the full transcript. But the question was asked: "Now, when you were testifying on cross-examination, at one point, you said that biological contamination, in other words, contamination of one type of blood with another type of blood would not change the type of the blood that was contaminated? What did you mean? "Answer: Well, you're not going to--the type of blood isn't going to change. It will still be what it always was. That's the nature of the genetic markers that we deal with as a rule. So by introducing another one, it will not change it. It may overpower it or it may degrade it or something else like that, but it will not change it." these two charts are demon--are--I want to ask him questions about that answer and to demonstrate that half of the answer is inaccurate, that you can have it overpowered or degraded like he testified and have a different type show up. Chart number c--

18 THE COURT:

How do these two charts demonstrate that?

19 MR. BLASIER:

Well, he's already testified about, you get one allele from mom, one allele from dad. We talked about it in the context of EAP and DQ-alpha as well. So you know what the type of the child is by what type of the parent is. And I'm going to ask him some questions about if you mix some blood from person a and person B together, you're going to get a type that's a combination of both of those, which is different from the type of either one of him.

20 THE COURT:

So you're suggesting in these charts that these mixtures are actually mixtures of bodily fluids?

21 MR. BLASIER:

Yes. Blood.

22 THE COURT:

All right.

23 MR. BLASIER:

And chart no. 3-C is--that's simply the degradation chart with--that's exactly what he testified to that Saferstein says, is there's one other route of degradation that would give you just the higher B band. The red blood cell chart, that's just straight science. I'm sure Mr. Matheson knows that EAP is found in red blood cells that don't have any DNA. Chart no. 5--

24 THE COURT:

What's the relevance of this?

25 MR. BLASIER:

Well, because--the relevance is, you can't--you can do all sorts of other tests other than EAP and you're never going to be able to rule out that the EAP came from someone who was a B. The other tests won't allow you to do that. You have to--the only way to do that is to retest the EAP. And chart no. 5 is simply to show that if you have fingernail scrapings, they are going to contain material obviously from the person whose fingernails they are, including skin cells--the fingers are made up of cells, the fingernails are made up of cells, and they contain DNA. And you can--

26 THE COURT:

So this is the same argument, that EAP is separate from DNA testing.

27 MR. BLASIER:

Yeah, similar. And then the two code of ethics provisions I provided yesterday.

28 THE COURT:

All right. The objections will be overruled. All right. Let's--I'm sorry.

29 MR. GOLDBERG:

Can I respond to those?

30 THE COURT:

I heard the arguments.

31 MR. GOLDBERG:

What about the issue that the Court--

32 THE COURT:

All right. As to the hypothetical questions, you want to direct my attention, Mr. Goldberg, to the location in the transcript?

33 MR. GOLDBERG:

I'm looking at page 51.

34 THE COURT:

Which volume?

35 MR. GOLDBERG:

Well, it's yesterday's transcript. I don't have a volume number.

36 THE COURT:

Mrs. Robertson, would you tell Miss Olson I need the transcript, please.

37 MR. DARDEN:

Your Honor, while you're waiting, it doesn't appear that you're going to get to the next two witnesses this morning. May I release them? One? Two? Anybody.

38 THE COURT:

Yeah, I would say that's a fair guess.

39 MR. DARDEN:

Thank you.

40 THE COURT:

And, Mr. Goldberg, you want to direct my attention to which one we're talking about?

41 MR. GOLDBERG:

I'm looking at line 21 on page 55.

42 THE COURT:

Page 55?

43 MR. GOLDBERG:

Where--do you want--does the Court want me to read it or--

44 THE COURT:

Why don't you read it to me.

45 MR. GOLDBERG:

"Mr. Blasier: Hypothetically, Mr. Matheson, if blood from this case from an evidence item such as from the back gate showed the presence of a chemical EDTA, would you agree that it is consistent with it possibly coming from a reference vial?" then there's an objection: "That's an improper hypothetical. It's inconsistent with the known facts. "Overruled. "Witness: As you stated it, if it was present and if it was able to be identified in it, it is possible that it could have come from some type of reference sample that previously contained EDTA."

46 THE COURT:

So you want to ask the hypothetical assuming the same facts except no EDTA is found?

47 MR. GOLDBERG:

Yes. And then there was actually a second hypothetical which I also objected to in a similar vein.

48 MR. BLASIER:

And I would object to that hypothetical for lack of foundation, the foundation being that testing can only determine whether something--can only detect something that's there. If they get no results on a test, that doesn't mean it's not there. If he modifies it to that extent, then I have no problem with it.

49 THE COURT:

All right. But Mr.--what's the good faith basis of your offer, Mr. Goldberg, that there's no EDTA in--

50 MR. GOLDBERG:

The good faith basis of my offer is that in reading the FBI report, that's what it says. That is what the verbal description of their testing says.

KEY QUOTE
51 THE COURT:

The verbal--

52 MR. GOLDBERG:

The written description of the testing.

53 THE COURT:

Okay.

54 MR. GOLDBERG:

I'm sorry, your Honor.

55 THE COURT:

Okay. I will allow that one hypothetical question as phrased. All right.

56 MR. GOLDBERG:

Okay. I'll phrase it almost identically to what the Defense did except "not," having the words "not."

57 THE COURT:

All right.

58 MR. BLASIER:

And for the record, I'm prepared to state what my good faith basis for asking that question was. And that is that our experts have looked at the FBI results and have said it is present.

59 THE COURT:

No. I assumed, given the nature of our discussions and the other things that have gone on, that you had a good faith basis for asking that.

60 MR. BLASIER:

Yes.

61 THE COURT:

I didn't ask for that.

62 MR. BLASIER:

I'm sorry.

63 THE COURT:

Okay. Thank you for providing that to me, but I didn't need it.

64 MR. GOLDBERG:

Your Honor, we have a discovery issue that just arose a few seconds ago.

65 THE COURT:

That appears to be so too. But let's take that up after we finish with the jury this morning.

66 MR. GOLDBERG:

Thank you. I just--okay.

67 THE COURT:

Sort of peeked my interest as well. All right. Deputy Magnera, let's have the jurors, please.

KEY QUOTE

Temperature

procedural

Key Quotes (5)

Hank Goldberg
I did want to apologize on the record for the spirited nature of my comments this morning.
Rare on-record apology suggesting Goldberg had been unusually combative earlier; Ito immediately absolved him.
Robert Blasier
I want to ask him questions about that answer and to demonstrate that half of the answer is inaccurate, that you can have it overpowered or degraded like he testified and have a different type show up.
Core defense theory: blood mixture can produce a false type, undermining Matheson's redirect testimony and supporting planted-evidence argument.
Hank Goldberg
The good faith basis of my offer is that in reading the FBI report, that's what it says. That is what the written description of the testing says.
Prosecution asserts FBI testing found no EDTA — directly contradicting the defense's read of the same report.
Robert Blasier
Our experts have looked at the FBI results and have said it is present.
Defense counters that their experts found EDTA is present, setting up the central EDTA/planted-blood dispute for the jury.
Lance A. Ito
Sort of peeked my interest as well.
Ito's dry acknowledgment of a newly surfaced discovery issue — one of his rare moments of informal candor.

Evidence (6)

Charts 1-A, 1-B
Demonstrative charts showing DQ-alpha DNA inheritance patterns and blood mixture results
Admitted over scope/expertise objection for recross
Chart 3-C
Diagram of cathodal-to-anodal degradation pattern as described by Saferstein and Sensabaugh
Discussed; Goldberg acknowledged it may be accurate; admitted
Chart 4-D
Diagram showing EAP found in red blood cells that contain no DNA
Admitted over scope objection
Chart 5-E
Chart showing fingernail scrapings contain DNA from skin/fingernail cells of the source person
Discussed in context of EAP/DNA separation argument; admitted
Informal
Code of ethics provisions (two sections) relating to reporting of inconclusive results
Challenged on hearsay and argumentative grounds; objections overruled
Informal
FBI report on EDTA testing of back gate blood sample
Referenced verbally as good-faith basis for prosecution's no-EDTA hypothetical

Notable Exchanges (4)

Hank GoldbergRobert BlasierLance A. Ito
Goldberg objects to five defense charts on scope and expertise grounds; Blasier ties each back to Matheson's specific redirect answer about blood contamination not changing type; Ito overrules all objections after brief argument.
strategic
Hank GoldbergLance A. Ito
Goldberg seeks to ask a prosecution hypothetical assuming no EDTA found, mirroring the defense's EDTA hypothetical. Ito asks for the good-faith basis; Goldberg cites the FBI written report. Ito allows it.
procedural
Robert BlasierLance A. Ito
Blasier volunteers his own good-faith basis for the defense EDTA hypothetical (defense experts found EDTA present). Ito cuts him off, saying he hadn't asked and assumed good faith.
light
Christopher DardenLance A. Ito
Darden asks if he can release two waiting witnesses given the pace of proceedings; Ito agrees it is 'a fair guess' they won't be reached.
routine

Light Moments (2)

Lance A. Ito
Ito cuts off Blasier's unsolicited explanation of his good-faith basis: 'I didn't ask for that... Thank you for providing that to me, but I didn't need it.'
Lance A. Ito
Ito notes the newly raised discovery issue 'sort of peeked my interest as well' before deferring it until after the jury session.

Credibility Attacks (2)

⚔ Gary Matheson
prior inconsistent statement / demonstrative impeachment
Blasier seeks to use five charts to show that Matheson's redirect answer — that biological contamination cannot change a blood type — is 'half inaccurate,' because mixing blood types can produce a combined type different from either source.
⚔ Gary Matheson
professional standards / code of ethics
Blasier attempts to introduce two code-of-ethics provisions to suggest Matheson's reporting was inconsistent with professional standards; Goldberg objects on hearsay and argumentative grounds; objection overruled.

Witness Demeanor

(Discussion held off the record between the Deputy District Attorney and Defense counsel.)

Objections

4 objections (0 sustained, 4 overruled)
Proceeding 5934 • 67 utterances
Criminal Trial
Department 103
⚖️ Start
📂 MAY 5, 1995 📄 Admissibility discussion
MAY 5, 1995 KRT DvH TD