Good afternoon.

Henry C. Lee, called as a witness by the Defendant, was sworn and testified as follows:

You do solemnly swear that the testimony you may give in the cause now pending before this court, shall be the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth, so help you God?

Yes, I do.

Please have a seat and state and spell your first and last names for the record.

Thank you. Henry C. Lee, L-E-E, Meriden, Connecticut.

DIRECT EXAMINATION BY MR. SCHECK

Dr. Lee, could you tell us what present position you hold?

Currently, I'm the chief criminalist for state of Connecticut. Also, I'm the laboratory director for Connecticut State Police forensic laboratory. However, today, I come here as a--act as an independent consultant, nothing to do with my official capacity.

And, Dr. Lee, are you here by way of a subpoena?

Yes, sir.

Dr. Lee, where were you born?

Uh, I was born in china 1938, long time ago.

And did there come a time when you left mainland china and went to Taiwan?

Yes.

And is that--did you grow up in Taiwan?

Uh, during the civil war--

Your Honor, this is not relevant.

Overruled.

I'll get there in a second.

Proceed.

During the civil war, my family left mainland china when I was seven years old. We went to Taiwan. My father passed away. My mother raised us up.

Next question.

Did you--what line of work did you--well, where did you get--you began your formal education in Taiwan?

Yes, sir.

And could you please describe that for us.

I grow up in Taiwan. In 1957, I joined the police force, national police in Taiwan. I graduated from central police college in Taiwan in 1960. Subsequently, I become a police captain assigned in Taipei Police Department.

And when you became a captain in the police department, did you develop then an interest in forensic science?

Uh, yes, sir.

And when you worked in the Taiwan Police Department, did you actually do cases?

Yes, sir.

Did you do crime scene investigation?

Yes, sir.

Did you do evidence comparison?

Yes.

Did you interview people, suspect interrogations?

Yes.

Did there come a time around 1964 where you left Taiwan and went somewhere?

Yes.

Could you tell us about that?

Uh, I went to Malaysia. My wife, we met in college, we got married.

Your Honor, it's not relevant.

Went to Malaysia. Next question.

All right. And when you got to Malaysia in 1964, what occupation did you pursue?

Uh, I working in newspaper.

As what?

As a--initial as a reporter and subsequently promoted as assistant editor, final editor of the paper.

All right. In 1965, did you come to the United States?

Yes.

All right. And when you arrived at the United States, what kind of work did you pursue?

Uh, I did a lot of jobs.

Your Honor, it's really not relevant unless we're going to get into something forensic in nature.

Overruled.

And while you were doing these jobs, did you attend the city university?

Yes.

And did you attend an institution known as John J.?

Yes. John J. College of Criminal Justice.

And did you also work during this period of time as a lab technician?

Yes.

And where was that?

I work at NYU medical center as a lab technician.

And did you receive a scholarship to go to John J. College of Criminal Justice?

Yes. I received some financial aid from the school.

And what--at that time--and this is around 1968?

Between `70, something around `70, 1970.

And what was this degree that John J. Was offering?

Offer bachelor's in forensic science.

And was that the only one then in the country or--

That's one of the better known schools at that time.

And at that time, did you meet a gentleman named Peter de Forest?

Yes.

And what was he?

Dr. de Forest was my professor that time.

And since that time, what has been your relationship with Dr. de Forest?

We develop a very close friendship and worked together on numerous research project, work on couple books together. We become close friends.

Now, has Dr. de Forest been hired as an expert by the Prosecution in this case?

Yes.

Irrelevant.

Overruled.

And in the course--in preparing for your testimony here, have you had conversations with Dr. de Forest about what you were going to tell this jury?

Yes.

Did you show him various boards and other things that you prepared for purposes of your testimony?

Yes, sir.

Did you discuss with him the details of exactly what you were going to testify to in front of this jury?

Irrelevant.

Sustained at this point.

All right. When did that--did you have an extensive conversation with him recently about your testimony?

Irrelevant.

Sustained at this point.

All right. Now, you told us that you were working at--you got this degree in 1970 at John J. College for Criminal Justice. At that time, were you working at NYU?

Yes. I'm still work full-time, goes to school at night.

And were you--did you then pursue a degree at New York University?

Yes, sir.

And what was that?

Uh, a master degree in biochemistry.

And with whom were you working on your master's degree in biochemistry?

Dr. Sylvia Lee Wang and Dr. Severo Ochoa.

And did Dr. Ochoa--was he a Nobel Laureate in medical genetics?

Yes.

And were you his lab technician?

Yes.

Then in 1975, did you obtain a doctorate from New York University in biochemistry and molecular biology?

Yes. I--in 1975, I receive my Ph.D. in biochemistry with a concentration in molecular biology.

And at that time, did you then develop an affiliation with the University of New Haven?

No. That's afterwards.

Afterwards. Well, please explain how that occurred.

Uh, I received my Ph.D.. Meanwhile, I'm still working at University--New York University medical center. Subsequently, I was promoted as research scientist. After receiving my Ph.D., I start exploring looking for other positions. In 1975, University New Haven offered me a position as assistant professor in forensic science.

And did you then begin a program at the University of New Haven in forensic science?

Yes.

And could you describe that?

We--initially in 1975, we have a very small program, only few students. I'm the only faculty. Subsequently, in two years, I become associate professor, and another year, I become full professor, also the director of forensic science program. In meantime, we receive some grants and we develop a highly respect forensic science program. Now we have student come from all different state, other country. At the highest time--

Objection. Narrative, your Honor.

Overruled.

At the highest time, we have four full-time faculty, about a dozen part-time faculties.

Now, in this program at the University of New Haven, starting in 1975, did you do work as--in criminal cases?

Yes. We also start a forensic laboratory, a teaching research and casework laboratory. In 1975, I start assist public defender's office first, exam physical evidence, assist attorney with their cases. In 1976, I become a consultant for Connecticut State Police forensic laboratory to assist them preparing a lot of cases, exam physical evidence.

And in 1979, did your relationship to the Connecticut State Police change?

Yes.

And how did that happen?

At that time, late Governor Grasso offered me a position. And at that time, the police commissioner, Donald Long, and Colonel Rice persuaded me to join state police. So I took a salary cut, left university full-time, goes to police laboratory and become the first chief criminalist for the state of Connecticut.

Was this a job that essentially was created for you, a position they created for you?

Yes, sir.

And in 1980, did you--was another position created?

Uh, in 1980, we start develop the laboratory. When I joined the state police laboratory, we have 27 uniformed police officer and two sergeants, one lieutenant assigned to me, and the laboratory, little later, convert men's room, very little equipment. And so gradually, we built a laboratory. So formally, state passed a statute called state forensic laboratory. I was named the director of that laboratory.

And what kind of facility do you have now in your laboratory?

In this year, we just built a modern facility and the criminalistic section of my laboratory just move into the new facility.

And how many Ph.D. scientists and sections do you have in your forensic laboratory in Connecticut?

Not relevant.

That's compound.

All right. How many Ph.Ds work at your laboratory?

Irrelevant.

Overruled.

Right this moment, I have six Ph.Ds and one Md. work in my laboratory.

How many scientists altogether?

We have 36 forensic scientists. They all finished their terminal degree.

How many different sections or areas do you have in the lab?

We have 14 sections in two major divisions. Identification is one division, criminalistic is another division. I have total together, I have 14 sections including fingerprint, document, firearm, tool marks, imprints, of course serology, immunology, DNA, chemistry, arson, reconstruction, a full-service laboratory.

And your laboratory handles cases in the state of Connecticut; is that right?

Yes, sir.

And for how many police departments do you handle cases?

We serve all 174 police department in our state, 189 fire department and fire marshall's office in our state. In addition, of course, state police, we have 13 troops. Also, we serve other state, local, federal agency in Connecticut.

Now, has your lab been asked by other states to come in and participate in investigations that are being conducted on a state or local level?

Uh, our laboratory being asked to assist many other laboratory department, police department, sheriff department or fire department around the country and around the world to assist them in case investigation.

In terms of the New England area, do you frequently get requests from those states?

Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Rhode Island, all the--of course, Massachusetts. All the New England states.

And what about states outside the New England area?

Yes.

Right now, what states do you have cases with?

Uh, right now, personally, myself alone, I have about 370 active cases, just myself have to handle, including cases from Hawaii, including cases from New Mexico, cases from California, cases from New Jersey, Rhode Island, Massachusetts and many other state.

For example, in California, Mr. Clark, George Clark, from the San Diego area, are you doing something for the San Diego people?

Compound, irrelevant, unintelligible.

It is compound. Rephrase the question.

All right. In terms--you mentioned California. What jurisdictions are you doing cases with in California?

Umm, I'm just assist. I'm not in charge by all means investigate a case. Just some time, a sheriff department, some other time, a victim's family asking me to assist, a case currently in l--Los Angeles Sheriff Department, another case in San Francisco area.

That's Alameda County?

Yes.

Where Mr. Harmon is from?

Yes.

And what about San Diego as well?

San Diego, we just finished a case.

All right. Now, could you describe a little bit, how does it--what--are there three different ways that you would come to get a case? Could you please explain that to the jury?

The cases--of course, the Connecticut cases is submit to us. Our major obligation, my major responsibility is state of Connecticut. However, when other state government or other police department ask for assistance--for example, one state governor ask our governor or another police commissioner ask my boss, the commissioner. So that's an official request and we assess the situation, we'll assist it. The second type request is come through university. I'm still teaching at university, and through the university, cases submit, we work on those cases. The third type of a cases is asking me personally as an independent consultant and sometime by family of the victim or family of the accused or the police department directly contact me or foreign government contact me. Usually, I assess, again, situation of state department or justice department, will look at my schedule whether or not can fit in. Of course, obviously I cannot do every case myself.

You mentioned the federal government. Let's discuss a little bit your working relationship with the federal government. Do you have a working relationship with the forensic people at the Federal Bureau of Investigation?

Yes. They're very, very nice, good laboratory, highly respect in the field.

And what is the nature of that relationship and how long has it gone on?

Very long now. I used to be their chairman of researching committee. That's Asclad director and FBI research training center, a joint committee. I used to be the chairman of that committee. I taught for FBI academy for several times. Also, I took at least eight training courses of symposium offered by FBI, including different subject area.

And in terms of the lectures at the FBI, have you lectured there in the area of crime scene reconstruction?

Yes.

Trace evidence?

Uh, basically in that nature. Not specifically in trace evidence.

And also, with respect to your involvement with the federal government, have you ever been asked to do crime--forensic work for the defense department?

Yes.

And could you explain a little about that?

For example, a case happened in Korea. Enlist man was charged for rape, homicide, and I was asked by--

Your Honor, this really isn't relevant.

Overruled.

--by the trial advocate, the Judge, to look into the case.

What about the Department of Justice of the United States government, the Federal Department of Justice? What role have you played with them in terms of forensic laboratories?

Yes. I've been involved as a grant reviewer to review grants proposal, research proposal. Also, currently, I am serving committee call new technology, law enforcement. And also, once a while, when they have dispute, I being asked to review the casework, try to see the merit of this dispute.

Again--now, recently, have you been asked to do something by Kenneth Starr, the independent counsel who is investigating what is known as the Whitewater incident?

Uh, by his assistant, Mark Tuohey, to look into death of Vincent Foster.

All right. And you can't discuss that?

I cannot discuss that.

But you have been asked to do that just recently?

I cannot discuss the matter.

Now, in terms of work on an international level--well, I guess this is sort of a crossover--have the state department, Amnesty International, ever asked you to do any forensic investigation?

Yes. Sometime, Amnesty International or American Care and other civic groups organization ask me to assist, to look into certain aspect of a case.

And did one of these involve some nuns that were murdered in El Salvador a few years ago?

Yes. My involvement is very limited. Just identification, grouping of some bone remain.

Now, in terms of international work, other countries, have you been asked to assist in cases in the Netherlands?

Right this moment, yes, I have a case from Netherland.

Brunei?

Brunei involving homicide, some type homicide.

Taiwan?

Yes.

Is that homicide case currently going on?

Yes.

Canada?

Yes.

Is Canada frequently asked--Canadian authorities frequently ask you to assist them?

We work closely sometime for the Defense, sometime for Prosecution.

Germany?

Yes.

Scotland Yard?

We had a case before and we work with Scotland Yard.

Did you have any involvements in identifying remains dealing with the unfortunate events in Croatia?

Yes. And as matter of fact, probably this October, we'll have to go to Croatia.

Now, Dr. Lee, in terms of the side that you're usually on in criminal cases in terms of percentages, what percentage of the time are you called by the Prosecution and what percentage of the time are you called by the Defense?

And ordinarily, that's in your role as--in your position in Connecticut, the state of Connecticut?

Matter of fact, state Connecticut almost 99 percent of time for Prosecution. Once in while, our funding involve exploratory type of physical evidence and Defense will ask me to testify.

Now, when you're working for the Prosecution on cases in your laboratory in Connecticut, what are your policies with respect to letting experts hired by the Defense come to your laboratory and join in experiments and examine evidence?

Not relevant, your Honor.

Sustained at this point. This is establishing credentials for testimony. That's not relevant at this point.

All right. In terms of the different areas that you have testified in as an expert for the Prosecution and Defense, just to get through it briefly, does that include hair examination?

Yes.

Does it include enhancement and examination of footprint evidence?

Yes.

Arson investigation?

Yes.

Rape?

Yes.

Homicide?

Yes.

Trace evidence?

Yes.

Crime scene reconstruction?

Yes.

And something that's called blood spatter or blood splatter interpretation?

It's blood pattern interpretation.

Okay. Doctor, I would like to turn for a second to your writings. How many books or monographs or chapters in textbooks have you written?

Including books or booklet, monographs or chapter, more than 20, more than 20 now.

Are some of these books used as textbooks in forensic science?

Yes.

And I think we've had some reference to some of them here. One of them is a book called introduction to criminalistics?

Yes. That book I co-authored with Dr. de Forest and Dr. Gaensslen.

All right. Is there another text known as physical evidence in forensic science?

Yes.

Is that one a bit more widely distributed?

Yes.

Have you recently published books in china?

Uh, my book was translated in different languages, including china, Korea and currently Mexico.

You have a new book on crime scene investigation?

Yes.

Now, with respect to the area of DNA, first of all, I believe--

I don't know the exhibit number on this. I'm not sure if this is marked. May I mark this next in order? We'll conform it if we have to. This is the monograph.

I hate to have more than one of these things floating around.

I'm sorry?

Go ahead. Proceed. What's our next--1337. I just hate to have more than one of the same thing floating around.

Your Honor, maybe we won't mark it. I'll just ask him about it and I'll substitute an exhibit number later.

All right.

Have you authored with Dr. Gaensslen and members of the Federal Bureau of Investigation a--what would you call this, a booklet or a monograph?

Can I look at it?

Yes. This just a monograph I co-author with other people, Dr. Gaensslen, that my co-worker at the University New Haven and Dave Bigby and Jim Courney, they work in the FBI academy. We together put together this guideline of collection, preservation of DNA evidence.

And so that--that deals with how to collect DNA evidence at crime scenes?

That's not the book. Just a monograph.

And was that later published in substantial form in a journal?

Yes. This paper subsequently was published in two different journals.

Now, there's an organization known as Twgdam. What's that?

Uh, Twgdam, that's a technical working group on forensic application of DNA. That's FBI and the crime laboratory community put together, try to set up the guideline to improve the DNA testing services, application for forensic usage.

And did you also serve on a commission put together by the office of technology assessment?

Yes. That's a part of the--under the congress. Uh, I was a member of that DNA committee.

And are you at--did you--withdrawn. There's a book that we've discussed at some length during this trial known as DNA technology in forensic science, and that is a report of the national research council of the national academy of science. Are you familiar with it?

Uh, I know about it. I don't remember everything in the book.

Are you one of the authors of that report?

I'm one of the committee members.

Okay.

Objection. Not responsive.

Overruled.

Well, you signed it and at the time that it was out, it was produced, you read it?

We're one of the committee member. So there are couple committee member work on it.

Now, in terms of your work as an editor, have you served as an editor of any journals in the area of forensic science?

Yes.

What are they?

I used to be on editorial board for nine different journals, but I just don't have enough time anymore. Currently, I serve on Journal Forensic Science. That's official publication of Academy of Forensic Science. Journal of Forensic Identification, that's the official publication for International Association of Identification. Also, I'm an editor for Forensic Review, and that was published by Taiwan Central Police College and the University Alabama. It's a review journal. And also, I'm an editor for Journal of American Pathology.

What is the American--what is that Journal of American Forensic Pathology?

That's a journal basically dealing with forensic medicine and forensic science.

Now, if we could turn briefly to your teaching. You've indicated that you still have a position at the University of New Haven?

Yes.

All right. And are there other institutions where you have either had part-time affiliation or been asked to give lectures?

Yes.

And what are they?

Currently, I'm an agent professor at Central Connecticut University. And also, I team teach with some judges at University Connecticut law school. Also, I give lecture at Yale law school and some other medical school and also involved--I was involved in teaching at Northeastern University, John J. College of Criminal Justice, Bridgeport University, Western Connecticut University and numerous other higher education.

People's University in Beijing?

Yes.

Have you been asked to give lectures to--at medical schools?

Yes.

Police--

Medical school, yes.

Police academies?

And police academy from almost every state in the country.

National District Attorneys' associations?

Yes.

Public defender's groups?

Yes.

Are you asked to give lectures at international meetings of police investigators?

Leading.

Overruled.

Yes. I was asked to talk to international group police organization, forensic scientists, medical examiners, sometimes judges' meeting, all different variety of professional organization.

Now, let's talk briefly about the professional associations where you're a member. What professional associations are you a member of and that you're active in?

Approximately 20 some different professional organization. Most are dealing with forensic science. To name a few, Academy of--American Academy of Forensic Science, England Forensic Society, England Fingerprint Society, International Association of Identification, International Bloodstain Pattern Analysis Association, International Homicide Detectives Investigators' Association and Northeastern Forensic Scientist Association, of course American Crime Laboratory Directors Association and some other organization.

Now, let's turn for--briefly to the International Association of Identification. What is this group involved in? What kinds of things do they focus on?

This probably the largest body, an international organization to promote new technique in identification involving education, training of their members. It's a very active group involving fingerprint, footprint, voice analysis, document examination, any technique and--such as crime scene investigation, all encompassed by that organization.

And do they have a certification program for crime scene analysts?

Yes, sir.

And what are the different steps in that program?

If I remember correctly, they have a basic crime scene technician level, intermediate level, then have a senior crime scene analyst level.

Do you teach in that certification program and serve as an advisor to the committee that sets the standards for certification?

I'm a member--was a member or still am member I guess. I don't know what my status now in the committee, but I was advisor for that certification program. Also helped them review the testing question.

Now, does the International Association of Identification--they have different kinds of memberships; is that correct?

Yes.

And is there something known as a distinguished member?

Yes.

And are there--is that something that you have to be nominated to achieve?

Yes. Nominated and--by the board and review your qualification. It's a peer group review. It's honor basically. They award you for your compliments and your contribution in forensic identification.

And in this international association, are there less than 10 distinguished members?

Yes.

Are you one of them?

Yes. I'm one of that--it's very dear to me and means a lot.

And there's also an award that is given by the International Association of Identification known as the Denaro award?

Yes.

And I think that Professor MacDonell talked a little bit about this one and who received it, but is this the highest award given by this organization?

Yes.

And did you receive that, the so-called Denaro award?

Yes, I did receive.

Now, let's turn to the American Academy of Forensic Science. Could you tell us what that organization is?

American--American Academy of Forensic Science, that's the highest forensic professional organization in the United States. However, its membership is not limit to the forensic scientists from United States. We have international membership. So become almost international body. And that's the largest forensic gathering every year, exchange new information, have excellent scientific program. We discuss our research, casework and it's a promotion of forensic science as a profession.

And does the American Academy of Forensic Science have different membership classes, provincial members, members, fellows and some--a class of people known as distinguished fellows?

Yes.

All right. And are you one of those distinguished fellows?

I'm one of the few receive distinguished medallion, and that's--again, it's a great Honor to give it to you by your peer. It's not like other award. It's a peer recognition.

And in addition to that, is there something known as the distinguished criminalist award?

Yes.

All right. So--and is this an award given by the American Academy of Forensic Science?

Yes. Criminalistic section, yes.

The criminalistic section. And is that the highest award that the criminalistic section gives?

Yes.

And did you receive that?

Yes, I did.

Now, I hate to--

Object to counsel's editorial.

All right. Are you the only person that has received both the Denaro award from the international group and the distinguished criminal award from the American Academy of Forensic Scientists?

Did I say that?

Yes.

My apologies.

Distinguished criminalist award. At this moment, I'm the only one. I'm sure in the future, a lot of young men, young women will definitely receive those award.

Okay. I think that--I think you mentioned that you're--well, you're regional vice president of International Association of Bloodstain Analysts.

I was.

A member and advisor to the International Homicide Investigators Association?

Yes.

Let's talk a little bit about what's known as Asclad or the--what does that stand for exactly?

American society of crime laboratory directors.

And what is that organization?

This is an organization for the laboratory director. There are 391 crime laboratory in the country. So we have an organization. Every year, usually FBI hosts a meeting in FBI academy. We together exchange information about laboratory management, how to improve the forensic services to our user group and how can we develop forensic science as a true profession. It's non-bias type of profession.

And are you a--on the issue of accreditation, are you an inspector that goes out and accredits laboratories?

Yes. I was one of the early inspector for accreditation team.

Do you believe accreditation is important?

Yes.

Now, is your laboratory presently accredited by Asclad?

No, it's not.

Why not?

Our laboratory will have the limitation as our physical building. We're working in a dorm, converted laboratory. We don't have safety shower, emergency exits, and a lot of stuff violate OSHA regulation. So obviously our physical plan will not pass. However, our new laboratory just built, half of us already--we're already move in, and our Governor Roland and the legislature very supportive to have a second phase to build. Once that complete, we're going to definitely apply for accreditation.

Now, Greg Matheson testified about--we've had some testimony about a group known as the American Board of Criminalists.

Yes.

Are you familiar with that group?

Yes.

Could you tell the jury what that is?

Uh, this is a group to certify criminalists, have a certification program in the forensic criminalistic area.

Now, are you certified?

No, I'm not certified by that group.

Well, why not?

Uh, it's a history. Long time ago, National Institute of Justice, justice department first develop this program, I'm one of the peer reviewer, develop questions to test other people in the country. That's in 19--late 70's or early 80's. Subsequently, this American Criminalist Board of Certification established, was one of the board members. And also, I reviewed the question, test the question, so-called pretest. So if I took the--know what's on the test, I feel not fair for me to take the test again. It's not fair, you know, you already know the questions. So that's why I did not take the test.

And I take it that--last question in these areas. From just walking around your office, it appears that--do you receive like hundreds of appreciation awards from police departments and crime labs around the country for your work with them?

It's approximately 400 different commendations, citations, certifications, award from all over the country and all over the world.

Now, Dr. Lee, how is it that you got involved in this case?

This case, in June 14, I receive a phone call from attorney Shapiro, Bob Shapiro, asking me to assist in this case.

And at that time, did you contact anyone in the Los Angeles Police Department or the SID about contributing your services in the investigation?

Not relevant, your Honor.

Sustained.

Well, did you ask for an opportunity to have access to evidence as it was being tested by anybody at the SID to participate in that process?

Not relevant, your Honor.

Overruled.

I did call LAPD laboratory. I know some scientists there. We're good friends, and I did call the lab director, Michelle Kestler. As she was busy, we talked briefly, and subsequently she asked me to talk to Greg Matheson.

And did you speak to him?

Yes. He's a very nice gentleman and good scientist. I talk to him, but I know he's concerned and reservation. We had a brief discussion. Basically I have to go through the attorneys.

At this time, calls for hearsay.

All right. Let's move on.

Well, without telling us the content of the communication, were you directed to go through the attorneys in terms of your offer and desire to get access to the information?

Calls for hearsay and it's also leading, your Honor.

Sustained.

Now, with respect to policies in your own laboratory concerning Defense experts, when you were working with the Prosecution in investigating evidence as it comes in in a case, what is your policy?

Objection. Irrelevant. Same objection from this morning.

Sustained.

Could we discuss this at another time?

It's not likely. Proceed.

Dr. Lee, do you have a regular fee for consultations?

Yes.

And what is it?

Uh, I have a regular fee. Basically is $300 per hour, my service.

All right. And did you charge a regular fee in this case?

No.

What--do you--are you receiving any money personally for the work you did in this case?

Only reimburse my traveling expenses.

Was there--is there other money that is being given by Mr. Simpson for other purposes?

Yes. Requested donation--

Objection, your Honor.

Overruled.

A request in lieu the consultation fee, half of the consultation fee--

Your Honor--

--donate to--

Overruled.

Not relevant.

Where the compensation is going? Overruled.

Now--and how much money to this point has been donated to these two--the University of New Haven and the Connecticut Police lab?

Approximately--I don't remember exactly. The check just go direct. I just sign it. I don't want to look at it. It just goes to university. Approximately 25,000 each institution.

Now, what were you asked to do in terms of this case for the Defense? What tasks were you asked to perform? What areas?

Uh, basically involving review some physical evidence and exam, study the crime scene and crime scene pictures, photographs, try to find the scientific fact, what involved in this case. So my role is rather limited, not really involving other aspect of investigation. In addition, when the time I was called in, the crime scene already almost nonexist. So my involvement just so-called a limit review of the crime scene photographs and crime scene inspection. Physical evidence, that's my strength. I exam quite a few pieces physical evidence.

Did you review the DNA evidence in this case, all the hybridization strips and autorads and everything that came out of LAPD, the Department of Justice and cellmark?

No, I did not.

Now, Dr. Lee, what is forensic science?

Forensic science is a general term, encompass a variety of professions. We basically apply the nature science to the matter of law, which encompass, for example, forensic medicine, pathology, forensic odontology--that's forensic dentistry--forensic anthropology, of course criminalistics.

What is criminalistics?

Criminalistics is a narrow field of the forensic science. In criminalistics, a criminalist is a person working criminalistic field, which we deal with scientific evidence, physical evidence. We deal with crime scene patterns, crime scene investigation, crime scene reconstruction. We study hairs, fibers, footprint, fingerprint, blood, DNA, variety of physical objects. Also, we're dealing with other so-called trace evidence, gloves, soil, metal, plastic, sometime hair fiber also list as trace evidence. We in addition also look at, for example, rape, seminal evidence, fire accelerant. Let's say building collapse. We look at construction. And if airplane fall down, we have to go there, look at body remain, try to identify and hopefully can assist to identify the cause.

Now, the term "Crime scene reconstruction," would it be fair to say that after looking at as much evidence as you can, crime scene reconstruction would involve trying to figure out what happened, how it happened and the sequence of events?

Uh, yes. In certain aspect, you're absolute correct. Crime scene reconstruction, just basically based on the physical evidence, result of study of physical evidence, analysis of physical evidence and crime scene study, try to put the piece of puzzle together to determine when it happened, how did it happen, what did happen, where it happen. So called six W, and of course, try to answer certain aspect of sequence of event.

Now, are there degrees of reconstruction, complete versus partial and limited?

Yes.

Now, were you able to do a complete crime scene reconstruction in this case?

No.

Why not?

I'll object getting into anything behind his qualifications at this point.

Actually we're going to take a recess at this point. All right. Ladies and gentlemen, we're going to take a brief recess at this time. Please remember all my admonitions to you. We'll be in recess for 15 minutes. All right. Dr. Lee, you can step down. Return in 15, please.