Detailed entries (32)
Slides documenting LAPD PCR proficiency test results from July 14-15, 1993, showing contamination in negative controls and incorrect DNA typing attributed to analyst Erin Riley; Defense 1314 and sub-exhibits 1314-A through 1314-G.
Yamauchi's DNA hybridization records for 11 samples, marked as Defense 1181-C, D, E; he confirmed they were his records but could not confirm that they corresponded to Defense 1181-B. Gerdes identified a Defense 1181-C entry as typing a sample 1.2, 4 rather than 1.2, 1.3.
Slides illustrating the correct typing, LAPD's incorrect typing, and the resulting wrongful inclusions and exclusions arising from the mock validation mistyping; Defense 1313-A through 1313-C.
Chart showing the percentage of LAPD PCR runs with contamination by month from May 1993 through August 1994, used by Gerdes to document contamination patterns in the LAPD laboratory; Defense 1295.
Code and typing sheet for a mock vaginal-swab validation exercise, referenced as Defense 1181-B and 2 14-6. It listed validation standards or individuals and expected typing results, including an expected sperm-donor DQ-Alpha genotype of 1.2, 1.3.
People's 566, a photograph of DQ-Alpha hybridization record 182 with documentary material and strip images from eight non-case-work proficiency or validation samples run by Collin Yamauchi on May 6, 1994. Dr. John Gerdes marked disputed alleles and cited faint dots on the strips while explaining his concern about potentially erroneous typings.
People's 567, a photograph of DQ-Alpha hybridization record 184 from the May 6, 1994 non-case-work sample run. During testimony, disputed alleles were circled on samples 52-20 and 52-22, and the exhibit was viewed by the jurors through a projector.
Plaintiffs' Exhibit 2265, a list or chart of evidence samples and controls processed by Collin Yamauchi on June 14 and 15, 1994. It was described as covering 42 samples and 21 controls, all testing negative; a closing-argument display characterized 18 entries as evidence swatches, and counsel cited the chart in arguing that contamination was absent. The document was later received into evidence.
Hybridization record and raw data for LAPD validation study run no. 37 on September 21, 1993, involving a mock vaginal swab sample, analyst Erin Riley, and confirming analyst Collin Yamauchi. The record was discussed as the fourth of five errors, and the raw data as a retyping of the same samples; People's 562 and Prosecution's 562.
The 1988 California Association of Crime Laboratory Directors proficiency test involved 49 samples and one false positive. Testimony elicited that Cellmark generated the false positive through inadvertent cross-contamination and did not detect it; Defense 1154 comprises the six-page CACLD report and a letter to Cellmark concerning the blind-trial results.
Chart showing the percentage of LAPD PCR runs and strips with contamination and/or artifacts from May through July 1994, with monthly bars approximating 33%, 31%, and 17%; Defense 1297.
LAPD PCR method-validation training record stating that every validation sample either produced the expected typing result or produced no typing result; Defense 1181-A. Gerdes disputed that statement during testimony.
Nine-page California Association of Crime Laboratory Directors report concerning blind proficiency trials. It was marked as Defense 1183, shown to Yamauchi to refresh his recollection, and later admitted.
Hand-drawn diagram created during Dr. Cotton's testimony categorizing proficiency tests into four types (open/blind, internal/external), introduced as Defense 1153.
Chart reporting contamination by negative amplification and extraction control from May through July 1994, including 10 contaminated extraction controls out of 25; Defense 1298.
People's 578, comprising highlighted pages 33733–33734 of Professor Bruce Weir's prior testimony concerning his position on laboratory error rates; the excerpt was shown to Dr. Terence Speed to refresh his recollection and challenge his characterization of Weir's position.
Chart titled “Strips: Percent of contamination and/or artifacts,” summarizing strips by month from May 1993 through August 1994; Defense 1287.
Raw data and typing report from Collin Yamauchi's September 9, 1993 mock vaginal swab validation study, showing a 1.2, 4 result for the sperm fraction of sample no. 1, challenged as an incorrect typing; Prosecution's 561.
Hybridization record from a College of American Pathologists external proficiency test, listing Collin Yamauchi as analyst and Erin Reilly as confirming analyst. Defense 1182 was used in questioning about non-blind testing procedures.
Three-page Cellmark Diagnostics report submitted to the California Association of Crime Laboratory Directors on the 1988 proficiency test results.
Gerdes contamination analysis chart introduced during discussion of a specific strip series; Defense 1288.
Slide set titled 'Cross-contamination factors,' previously marked as Defense 1149-A, referenced and displayed during Gerdes' testimony.
LAPD hybridization record no. 15, related to the first LAPD PCR typing error identified by Gerdes; People's 558.
Mock vaginal swab sample used in LAPD validation testing; Yamauchi defended his reported 1.2, 4 result as not erroneous in light of differential extraction phenomena.
One of two LAPD hybridization records for May 6, 1994, collectively reflecting runs by Erin Riley and Collin Yamauchi; introduced during recross-examination concerning Gerdes' chart of validation events.
One of two LAPD hybridization records for May 6, 1994, collectively reflecting runs by Erin Riley and Collin Yamauchi; introduced concerning Gerdes' claim that there was never more than one run per day.
First run of a proficiency test showing one hint and one trace. Defense 1172-A was discussed in questioning about why a second run was performed.
Second run of a proficiency test showing three traces in evidence samples. Defense 1172-B was used in questioning to emphasize that the traces appeared without another rerun.
LAPD internal report stating that Yamauchi correctly typed every validation-study sample by obtaining either the correct answer or no result; discussed in contrast with an unnoted 1.2, 4 result that Yamauchi characterized as acceptable.
Dr. John Gerdes' study and formal report on contamination at the LAPD crime laboratory, based on LAPD's own data. The report was still in progress during early pretrial motions and was eventually received by the prosecution as a four-page formal expert report.
General references to CACLD external proficiency study reports from 1988-1989 documenting alleged false positives at both Cellmark and Forensic Sciences Associates, used to challenge overall lab quality controls.
Quality control sample 816, expected to type as 1.2/1.2, showed hints of 1.1 and 1.3. It was discussed in testimony about laboratory quality controls and comparison of a possible 1.3 artifact with a genuine allele.
Additional references (19)
Brief references from transcripts that don't warrant an individual page. Each has a single source or is mentioned only in passing.
- 1989 Proficiency Test — A 1989 proficiency test involving 50 samples and one false positive, cited as a second data point in questioning about laboratory error rates.
- Blood Standard No. 1 — Positive Control — Blood standard no. 1, described during Yamauchi's examination as a positive control used for laboratory quality control.
- California Association Open Proficiency Test Data — Open proficiency test data from Cellmark, LAPD, and DOJ laboratories, discussed in connection with whether the laboratories used degraded or case-representative samples.
- Clean Substrate-Control Samples — Substrate controls described as clean and showing no visible dirt, a characterization presented as suggesting improper collection technique or falsified documentation.
- Cloth Control — Negative Control — Cloth control described during Yamauchi's examination as a negative control used for laboratory quality control.
- CTS External Proficiency Test Subscription — CTS (Corroborative Testing Service) external proficiency-test subscription, discussed in testimony concerning the program's use of non-blind testing.
- DNA Proficiency Test Photographs — Photographs of DNA proficiency test results, for which the prosecution agreed to provide improved copies following a defense request.
- DOJ Quality Control Samples 816 and 877 — DOJ quality control samples 816 and 877, both run in the same batches as case items 31 and 52 and both showing hint or trace of the 1.3 allele, cited by Gerdes as evidence of control failure.
- Dr. Gerdes’s Prior Cross-Contamination Testimony — Prior testimony asserting that Bundy blood drops could have been cross-contaminated by Simpson’s reference sample on June 14, 1994, used as the factual predicate for a common-mode-failure hypothetical.
- Dr. Robin Cotton’s Prior Testimony on Laboratory Error — Prior testimony comparing the likelihood of false implication through laboratory error with the likelihood of a coincidental match, read from the transcript to support the defense error-rate argument.
- Gerdes Contamination Chart with Faint-Dot Annotations — Gerdes contamination chart with notations for faint dots and questionable results, discussed and challenged during cross-examination.
- Gerdes Draft Analysis of Validation Studies — Interim or draft analysis of validation studies prepared by Dr. Gerdes before a January laboratory visit and referenced in notes as “See analysis discussion for detailed explanation.” Its existence and disclosure were disputed during the hearing.
- Item 56 — Bundy Shoeprint Substrate Control — Substrate control for Bundy shoeprint item 56; testing was reported to detect no DNA.
- LAPD PCR Test-Kit Lot with Contamination — PCR test-kit lot with a contamination issue at the LAPD laboratory; Matheson testified that internal controls detected the contamination and characterized it as a kit-specific issue rather than a laboratory-wide problem.
- LAPD Validation Specimens and CTS/CAP Proficiency Materials — LAPD validation specimens and CTS/CAP proficiency-test materials, criticized by Gerdes as unrepresentative of case-condition samples.
- NRC Report on Laboratory Error Rates — National Research Council report, pages 88–89 on laboratory error rates and page 171 on proficiency-testing definitions. Scheck repeatedly attempted to introduce it through Sims, but it was excluded as hearsay because Sims had not relied on it in forming his opinions.
- Proficiency Test Documentation, 1990–1993 — Documentation covering 104 proficiency tests and 466 samples from 1990 through 1993, cited from Dr. Cotton's notes during redirect examination.
- Proficiency Testing Records Obtained in Discovery — Proficiency testing records obtained through discovery and reviewed by Renee Montgomery on the stand; she confirmed that four of the five tests involved D1S80.
- QA/QC Document Shown to Mazzola — Document labeled 'Quality assurance and quality control' shown to analyst Mazzola to refresh her recollection; she stated the document did not look familiar to her.