📄 Sidebar: DQ-Alpha typing — Wednesday, May 24, 1995
Address:
C:\DEPT103\CRIMINAL\1995\MAY\24\SIDEBAR-DQ-ALPHA-TYPING.DOC
TRIAL
▲ Day 81 of 167

Sidebar: DQ-Alpha typing

Date: Wednesday, May 24, 1995 • Utterances: 35
Defense attorney Barry Scheck objects to the prosecution showing the jury DQ-Alpha typing strips where no C dot appears, arguing there is no scientific foundation for interpreting such results. Judge Ito takes the objection under submission, orders Harmon not to show the no-C-dot strips that afternoon, and reveals his inclination to sustain the objection after quoting the amplitype user guide directly. Harmon discloses at the end that the strips in question don't show the 1.1 allele, meaning they would undercut the defense's cross-contamination theory.
1 MR. SCHECK:

Your Honor, there's a matter that we have to approach on just prior to--

2 THE COURT:

With the court reporter, please.

3 (The following proceedings were held at the bench:)
4 THE COURT:

All right. We're over at sidebar. What's the problem?

5 MR. SCHECK:

Your Honor, I mentioned this the other day; that I have an objection to them putting in a typing strip that shows alleles where no C dot appears. I believe it was in fact one of the last questions asked of Mr. Sims on his redirect examination where he indicated--and I think the literature will indicate--that when there's no C dot, it's not a reportable result.

6 THE COURT:

Isn't this a little premature?

7 MR. SCHECK:

No. He's about to do it.

8 MR. HARMON:

It's a little premature.

9 MR. SCHECK:

My point is that I have an objection to showing the jury any evidence of the strip where there's, you know, dots lining up with no C dot because there is absolutely no scientific foundation whatsoever, even through the Prosecution's own witnesses, for showing this to the jury.

10 THE COURT:

How many strips?

11 MR. HARMON:

Off the top of my head, three. Now, our witnesses, Mr. Sims and Miss Cotton, have both said that the distinction is between a reportable result and reporting the data that's seen there; and very clearly, Mr. Sims and Miss Cotton each said not having the C dot, all that means is, we can't say that there's not something else there because the C dot is not there as a control. But what's there is there, and we can say this is what we saw and the distinction is between reporting a result, that this is a 1.1, 1.2--

12 THE COURT:

What does the amplitype user guide say about no C dot?

13 MR. HARMON:

I'm pretty sure it says the same thing. We've had testimony from--I mean this was very specifically elicited to address this.

14 THE COURT:

Let me see the user guide.

15 MR. HARMON:

I think you'll see--I can't remember which result we have, but there's one on the board already. This is in that category.

16 THE COURT:

Let me see the user guide where it talks about no C dot.

17 MR. HARMON:

Okay.

18 (Brief pause.)
19 MR. HARMON:

We already have one of them up there by Robin Cotton. Your Honor, item 7 and 56 are in the same category and his testimony's been in there. It's actually the same phenomenon.

20 THE COURT:

The objection is being made now is the problem.

21 MR. HARMON:

I'm saying, the testimony explained the basis for doing this from both Mr. Sims and--

22 MR. SCHECK:

May I be heard whenever you're ready?

23 THE COURT:

All right. Mr. Scheck.

24 MR. SCHECK:

Yes. First of all, Mr. Sims' testimony--I don't recall Dr. Cotton's precise testimony--but I submit is consistent with the user guide. They take the position it's not reportable, meaning no scientific conclusion can be drawn from it. The fact they don't know the type, don't throw away the strip is just a matter of documentation. The C dot, as indicated in the user guide and is clear from all the testimony, it's supposed to be the weakest dot on the strip. When the C dot is not present, now quoting, an adequate determination of type cannot be made since there's a possibility that other probes seen are also beyond the threshold of detection. The presence of the C dot provides assurance that appropriate typing should be clearly visible. It's clear from the scientific community that if you don't have a C dot, it's not a reliable or accurate result and you can't interpret what you see there because there could be other alleles that are not present. And so the test is, it does not have adequate scientific foundation. Obviously they want to put in results without a C dot to try to draw inferences that they--maybe it is consistent with other results or maybe one can draw some conclusion from it. But there is no scientific testimony and there's no support even in the user guide for their--in terms of proper scientific foundation for doing it. I realize we didn't have a Frye hearing on this, but this one is off the charts.

25 THE COURT:

Mr. Harmon, let me suggest this.

26 MR. HARMON:

I have a lot to say on this, your Honor. Mr. Scheck does not speak for the scientific community. You can surely appreciate that. And what he said, we can never say even when the C dot is there that there's not something else there. And we're heard over and over again that all the scientists can say, "I see something there," and then sometimes he can report it. And that's the distinction that he's blurring. When something's there, it's there. It doesn't mean that there couldn't be something else there. That same statement holds true for every result up there. There could always have been something else there.

27 THE COURT:

All right. Counsel, what I propose to do is take your objection under submission. I am going to direct Mr. Harmon not to go into the results this afternoon where there is no C dot indication.

28 MR. HARMON:

Okay.

29 THE COURT:

I would like you to provide for me tomorrow morning by 8:30 the quotes in the transcript where it's discussed the validity of presenting to a finder of fact from Sims' and from Cotton's testimony.

30 MR. HARMON:

I will be happy to.

31 THE COURT:

I have to tell you, my inclination is that since the user guide says it's not--the user guide says a DNA probe strip with no visible C dot should not be DQ-Alpha typed. So I've got a problem with this. So let's proceed.

KEY QUOTE
32 MR. HARMON:

Let me give you another topic that it relates to directly, and this is their real agenda here. These are all results that do not show any 1.1 except for 47. And in addition to showing what's there by showing what's not there, they totally demolish the idea there was this systematic cross-contamination among all these samples. And that's why--and that's why it's important to show what's there.

33 THE COURT:

At this point--

34 MR. HARMON:

I'm not to report it. I understand, your Honor.

35 (The following proceedings were held in open court:)

Temperature

tense

Key Quotes (4)

Barry Scheck
When the C dot is not present, now quoting, an adequate determination of type cannot be made since there's a possibility that other probes seen are also beyond the threshold of detection.
Scheck quotes the amplitype user guide directly to establish that the scientific protocol itself prohibits interpreting no-C-dot strips.
Lance A. Ito
I have to tell you, my inclination is that since the user guide says it's not--the user guide says a DNA probe strip with no visible C dot should not be DQ-Alpha typed. So I've got a problem with this.
Ito telegraphs he is likely to sustain the objection, citing the same user guide language Scheck invoked.
Rockne Harmon
These are all results that do not show any 1.1 except for 47. And in addition to showing what's there by showing what's not there, they totally demolish the idea there was this systematic cross-contamination among all these samples.
Harmon reveals the prosecution's actual strategic purpose: the strips would refute the defense's cross-contamination narrative, not merely show allele data.
Barry Scheck
There is no scientific testimony and there's no support even in the user guide for their--in terms of proper scientific foundation for doing it. I realize we didn't have a Frye hearing on this, but this one is off the charts.
Scheck invokes the Frye standard implicitly and characterizes the prosecution's attempt as scientifically extreme.

Evidence (3)

null
DQ-Alpha typing strips without a visible C dot control marker — approximately three strips at issue
challenged; Judge orders them withheld from jury pending ruling
null
Amplitype PM user guide, provision stating a strip with no visible C dot should not be DQ-Alpha typed
discussed; Ito reviews and quotes directly
null
Items 7 and 56 — specimens Harmon says are already in evidence via Robin Cotton's testimony and fall in the same no-C-dot category
discussed as precedent already admitted

Notable Exchanges (2)

Barry ScheckRockne HarmonLance A. Ito
Scheck argues the user guide and all prosecution witnesses agree that no-C-dot strips are not reportable results; Harmon counters that 'reportable' and 'observable' are distinct concepts; Ito reads the user guide himself and sides with Scheck's framing, ordering the strips held.
strategic
Rockne HarmonLance A. Ito
After the ruling, Harmon discloses the real stakes: the withheld strips show no 1.1 allele and would contradict the defense cross-contamination theory. Ito cuts him off and ends the sidebar.
revealing

Objections

1 objections (0 sustained, 0 overruled)
Proceeding 6173 • 35 utterances
Criminal Trial
Department 103
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📂 MAY 24, 1995 📄 Sidebar: DQ-Alpha typing
MAY 24, 1995 KRT DvH TD