📄 Direct examination of Michele Kestler (part 4) — Wednesday, August 16, 1995
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C:\DEPT103\CRIMINAL\1995\AUG\16\DIRECT-EXAMINATION-OF-MICHELE-.DOC
TRIAL
▲ Day 137 of 167

Direct examination of Michele Kestler (part 4)

Witness: Michele Kestler
Examiner: Peter Neufeld
Called by: Defense • Date: Wednesday, August 16, 1995 • Utterances: 161
Defense attorney Peter Neufeld examines Michele Kestler, assistant director of the LAPD crime lab, about the proper sealing procedures for the gray analyzed evidence envelope used to contain O.J. Simpson's reference blood sample collected June 13, 1994. Neufeld methodically establishes that the envelope's own printed instructions require tamper-resistant sealing tape, while Kestler deflects by arguing the sealing requirement only applies when the envelope is booked alone rather than inside a box. Neufeld also elicits that Kestler's husband works in the same Robbery-Homicide division as Detectives Vannatter and Lange, implying a conflict of interest.
1 (The following proceedings were held in open court, in the presence of the jury:)
2 THE COURT:

All right. Thank you, ladies and gentlemen. Let the record reflect we've been rejoined by all the members of our jury panel. Miss Kestler, would you resume the witness stand, please. All right. Miss Kestler is--Michele Kestler is on the witness stand undergoing direct examination by Mr. Neufeld. And, Mr. Neufeld, you may complete your direct examination.

3 MR. NEUFELD:

Thank you.

4 MR. NEUFELD:

Miss Kestler, are you familiar with what has already been admitted into evidence as People's exhibit 163-H, the sub K, which would be the gray analyzed evidence envelopes which are used for items that are to be refrigerated? Are you familiar with these?

5 MS. KESTLER:

I'm somewhat familiar, yes.

6 MR. NEUFELD:

Well, I mean, when items of evidence are brought over to your laboratory for analysis, they may be serological items, they may be items for urine analysis, whatever, they would frequently be contained in those very envelopes; would they not?

7 MS. KESTLER:

Yes.

8 MR. NEUFELD:

That's the standard Los Angeles Police Department issued; is it not?

9 MS. KESTLER:

I just want to make sure this is the most recent one. I believe it is, yes.

10 MR. NEUFELD:

Okay. And in fact, these envelopes and--are used to again maintain the integrity or the security of the items that are contained within. Isn't that one of the purposes?

11 MS. KESTLER:

Yes.

12 MR. NEUFELD:

And in fact, isn't there special analyzed evidence seals, sealing tape that is tamper resistant that is to be used on these envelopes to seal the contents of them?

13 MS. KESTLER:

Yes. Assuming they're not within another container. In other words, if you book this alone, then you use the tape on it, yes.

14 THE COURT:

Indicating one envelope by itself?

15 MS. KESTLER:

Yeah. In other words, if you're booking one vial of blood in this envelope by itself into evidence, this is my final packaging, then the seals go on this envelope.

16 MR. NEUFELD:

It's your position, ma'am, that no seal is required on that envelope if the envelope is going to be put in a box with other items?

17 MS. KESTLER:

That's correct, because in that, it's closed and then the box is sealed. So it's only the outside container, the most outer container that is required to be sealed.

18 MR. NEUFELD:

Umm--

19 MS. KESTLER:

Most outer, outermost.

20 (Discussion held off the record between Defense counsel.)
21 MR. NEUFELD:

May I put this up on the elmo?

22 THE COURT:

Sure.

23 MR. NEUFELD:

Can you focus in on the--can you focus on the two boxes? Can you blow those up a bit?

24 MR. NEUFELD:

Okay. Do you see where it has instructions for the officer requesting the withdrawal of blood?

25 MS. KESTLER:

I can read the large print. I cannot read the little print.

26 MR. NEUFELD:

Okay. Perhaps I can read it to you.

27 MR. DARDEN:

Your Honor, I'll object showing this to this witness if those are instructions for the officer, and this witness is not an officer.

28 THE COURT:

Overruled. Not at this point. What's the next question?

29 MR. NEUFELD:

Do you see where it says on the instructions for this gray envelope, "Item no. 4, when the affidavit is completed, sign below as a witnessing officer and seal the vial in this envelope using completed sealed evidence labels"? Do you see that?

30 MS. KESTLER:

I see that, yes.

31 MR. NEUFELD:

Okay. And--

32 THE COURT:

Can you read that, Miss Kestler, from that?

33 MS. KESTLER:

I can see--I think that's what it says, yes.

34 MR. NEUFELD:

All right. And that use of sealed evidence labels, in particular, using the tamper resistant analyzed labels is to be done to maintain the integrity of the vial that is inside the envelope; is it not?

35 MS. KESTLER:

Yes. Again, that's assuming you're booking that envelope by itself.

36 MR. NEUFELD:

Is there any procedure in writing that you can quote to us which says that that specific instruction on that envelope does not apply to this envelope if the envelope is going to a box with other items?

37 MS. KESTLER:

I don't know a procedure. I just know that that's property's procedure and that--because you have to seal the external container with--in other words, I wouldn't even use this envelope inside another package. I would use a plain brown envelope because you put a gray label on the outside of your box and seal the entire box because all the contents has to be sealed and protected, not the individual items inside. This is for--primarily deuces, arrestees or arrested for drunk driving cases where all you book is that envelope with one vial of blood and that's the entire con--that's the entire evidence in the case.

38 MR. NEUFELD:

Was this same envelope used also to book blood in this case?

39 MS. KESTLER:

I believe it was, but--

40 MR. NEUFELD:

And--I'm sorry.

41 MS. KESTLER:

I'm not sure which blood and whose blood and how it was booked and final packaging.

42 MR. NEUFELD:

Isn't it the standard procedure that for items that are to be refrigerated, which in this case would be a reference vial of fresh blood as opposed to a dry blood stain, that it would be placed in one of these gray envelopes?

43 MS. KESTLER:

If that was the only piece of refrigerated evidence. If it all fit in one envelope, yes, counsel. If not, you would use a box with a gray tag or a gray envelope taped to the outside.

44 MR. NEUFELD:

I'd like you to assume for the purpose of this hypothetical that a reference vial of Mr. Simpson's blood was collected on June 13th of 1994 and was placed in a gray envelope very much identical to the one that is up on the screen.

45 MS. KESTLER:

Okay.

46 MR. NEUFELD:

In that situation, would it not be required that the tamper resistant analyzed evidence seal be placed on the outside of that envelope for security purposes?

47 MR. DARDEN:

Objection. It's vague and an improper hypothetical.

48 THE COURT:

Overruled.

49 MS. KESTLER:

If that envelope--again, as I said before, if that envelope was booked by itself by whoever booked it, then that booking individual would put the seal on the envelope.

50 MR. NEUFELD:

To your knowledge of this case and as the person who managed it ultimately, was any other reference sample of whole blood taken into custody on June 13th, 1994?

51 MR. DARDEN:

Objection. That calls for hearsay, lack of foundation.

52 THE COURT:

Sustained. Assumes facts not in evidence in the way you stated the question as well.

53 MR. NEUFELD:

All right. Do you have any knowledge at all that aside from Mr. Simpson's reference sample of any other samples of fresh blood or whole blood, liquid blood being taken into custody on June 13th, 1994?

54 MR. DARDEN:

Objection. Hearsay.

55 THE COURT:

Overruled.

56 MR. DARDEN:

Speculation, no foundation.

57 THE COURT:

Overruled. To your knowledge, are you aware of any other blood sample.

58 MS. KESTLER:

No, not to my knowledge.

59 MR. NEUFELD:

And if that blood sample was the only sample placed in the gray envelope and there was only that one gray envelope on June 13th, wouldn't it be the appropriate procedure and practice of the Los Angeles Police Department to place the tamper resistant analyzed evidence seal on that envelope?

60 MS. KESTLER:

No one--

61 MR. DARDEN:

Objection. This is vague, your Honor.

62 THE COURT:

Overruled.

63 MS. KESTLER:

It's okay. No one, no officer that I know of or have ever seen or no one in my experience ever puts the seal on it until they complete their property report because they have to look at the vial. They then put their seal on before giving it over to the property custodian.

KEY QUOTE
64 MR. NEUFELD:

You say they have to look at the vial. You mean they have to open up to make sure there's a vial inside?

65 MS. KESTLER:

They have to look, physically look at the vial to see what the vial says so they can transmit that information onto their property report.

66 MR. NEUFELD:

And you're saying that--isn't it the practice of the Los Angeles Police Department criminalistics laboratory to from time to time break open a sealed evidence seal for one purpose or another to analyze evidence or to examine evidence?

67 MS. KESTLER:

If it was sealed, yes.

68 MR. NEUFELD:

Okay. So there is nothing to prevent a criminalist from opening a sealed envelope once it is sealed for the purposes of looking at what is on the vial and noting it on a property report, is there?

69 MR. DARDEN:

Objection. This is irrelevant.

70 THE COURT:

Sustained.

71 MR. NEUFELD:

In fact, to your knowledge, at some point in time, were sealed tape, tamper resistant sealed tape placed on the envelope which had Mr. Simpson's blood in it?

72 MR. DARDEN:

That's relevant. Calls for hearsay.

73 THE COURT:

Overruled. To your knowledge, was that done?

74 MS. KESTLER:

I believe so. I don't recall if it was booked separately or in another container. I don't recall.

75 MR. NEUFELD:

Can we put up this picture?

76 MR. DARDEN:

May I see the picture first?

77 MR. NEUFELD:

Sure. It's in evidence.

78 (Discussion held off the record between the Deputy District Attorney and Defense counsel.)
79 MR. DARDEN:

There's an objection as to this witness.

80 THE COURT:

Which photograph are you showing?

81 MR. NEUFELD:

Exhibit 183 in evidence, Prosecution exhibit.

82 THE COURT:

Which photo? What is it?

83 MR. NEUFELD:

It's a photo of the gray envelope, contained the reference sample in this case.

84 THE COURT:

Proceed. Proceed.

85 (Brief pause.)
86 THE COURT:

Mr. Harris, can we zoom in on any part of this?

87 MR. HARRIS:

That's laser, your Honor.

88 THE COURT:

All right.

89 MR. NEUFELD:

Well, you want to do it with this one instead?

90 MR. DARDEN:

There's another photo.

91 MR. NEUFELD:

We have a photo. We can put it up as a photo.

92 MR. DARDEN:

Can I look at the photo?

93 MR. NEUFELD:

This is the same photo. It's just on laser.

94 (Brief pause.)
95 MR. NEUFELD:

Now, Miss Kestler, what I'm showing you now is a photograph of the actual gray envelope that was used to contain Mr. Simpson's reference sample when the blood was drawn from him on June 13th of 1994. Can you see it?

96 MS. KESTLER:

Yes.

97 MR. NEUFELD:

All right.

98 MS. KESTLER:

Barely.

99 MR. NEUFELD:

And as you can see, at least when this photograph was taken, you can see the remnants of the sealing tape on the upper portion of the envelope; is that correct?

100 MS. KESTLER:

I presume it's a sealing tape, yes.

101 MR. NEUFELD:

Okay. So at some point in time, sealing tape was placed on the envelope. Would that be a fair statement?

102 MS. KESTLER:

That's correct.

103 MR. NEUFELD:

All right. Now, however, as you can see on the affidavit portion, on the instructions portion for the officer requesting withdrawal, even on this envelope, the one actually used in this case, it states that, "When the affidavit is completed, sign below it as a witnessing officer and seal the vial in the envelope using completed sealed evidence labels." Is that the instruction on that envelope which is up on the screen?

104 MS. KESTLER:

Yes.

105 MR. NEUFELD:

Okay. And are you aware, no. 1, that there's been no testimony in this case by Detective Vannatter who was present at that time when the blood was drawn--

106 THE COURT:

Sustained. Sustained.

107 MR. NEUFELD:

Okay. Well, would it be an appropriate police procedure for no sealing tape to be placed on that envelope either by Detective Vannatter or Dennis Fung until several days after the evidence is collected?

108 MR. DARDEN:

Objection. Misstates the evidence. I object to this witness testifying to police procedures.

109 THE COURT:

Sustained.

110 MR. NEUFELD:

Would it an appropriate procedure of the Scientific Investigation Division of the Los Angeles Police Department not to put sealing tape on this envelope for several days after it's collected?

111 MR. DARDEN:

Misstates the testimony.

112 THE COURT:

It's vague. Rephrase the question.

113 MR. NEUFELD:

Okay.

114 THE COURT:

Do you know the time period?

115 MR. NEUFELD:

Yes.

116 THE COURT:

Rephrase the question.

117 MR. NEUFELD:

Would it an appropriate procedure of the Scientific Investigation Division for neither the police officer who instructed the nurse to collect this blood sample or for the criminalist who initially received this blood sample to put any sealing tape on that envelope for the first 48 hours after it has been collected?

118 MS. KESTLER:

I don't know what the time frame has to do with it. It would not necessary--it would not be unusual and I believe it is the practice of the Los Angeles Police Department officers and personnel of the criminalistics department not to seal evidence with the evidence tape, and I believe it's in the property manual, but I'm not positive--I'd have to look--to seal the evidence until you book it because, again, there's no reason to. It's in your custody.

119 MR. NEUFELD:

What you're saying then is that the instruction that's included in paragraph 4 of the same envelope that was used in this case--

120 THE COURT:

All right. Counsel--counsel, we've asked this question now in eight different forms.

KEY QUOTE
121 MR. NEUFELD:

By the way, you know Detective Vannatter; do you not?

122 MS. KESTLER:

Yes.

123 MR. NEUFELD:

He's a friend of yours?

124 MS. KESTLER:

When you say "Friend," I know him on the department as, you know, many people on the department are my friends.

125 MR. NEUFELD:

Well, you've known him for many years?

126 MS. KESTLER:

Yeah.

127 MR. NEUFELD:

And you're on a first name basis?

128 MS. KESTLER:

Yeah.

129 MR. NEUFELD:

Okay. And by the way, your husband also works for the Los Angeles Police Department, doesn't he?

130 MS. KESTLER:

Yes, he does.

131 MR. DARDEN:

Objection. Irrelevant.

132 THE COURT:

Overruled.

133 MR. NEUFELD:

And he works in robbery-homicide; isn't that correct?

134 MS. KESTLER:

He works in the robbery-homicide division, robbery, bank robbery section.

135 MR. NEUFELD:

Right. And robbery-homicide is the same division that Detective Vannatter and Detective Lange are in?

136 MS. KESTLER:

Yes.

137 MR. NEUFELD:

And all their offices are on the third floor over at Parker?

138 MS. KESTLER:

Yes.

139 MR. NEUFELD:

As the person who was ultimately managing this case as of at that time assistant director of the laboratory, were you aware that Dennis Fung and Andrea Mazzola went out to collect evidence from the Bronco on the 14th of June, 1994?

140 MR. DARDEN:

Objection. Misstates the testimony.

141 THE COURT:

Overruled.

142 MS. KESTLER:

I'm not clear--when was I aware of it? I was aware of it after they did it.

143 MR. NEUFELD:

Yeah.

144 MS. KESTLER:

Oh, okay.

145 MR. NEUFELD:

And would it be the standard policy and practice of the Los Angeles Police Department that the criminalists are to collect any and all potentially relevant evidence each time they conduct a search?

146 MS. KESTLER:

They're to make a judgment as to what they feel is relevant, yes, and then collect it.

147 MR. NEUFELD:

Fine. But once they make the judgment that it's relevant, they're to collect everything that they conclude is potentially relevant, correct?

148 MS. KESTLER:

Well, everything that's relevant, but not necessarily all of it. If you have a huge pool of blood, you're not going to take all of it.

149 MR. NEUFELD:

Right. But if you have a series of small stains as opposed to a large pool of blood, then it would be appropriate to take all of it, correct?

150 MS. KESTLER:

No. If you have--not necessarily. Not necessarily, no. But if you have a spatter pattern that appears to all be one pattern, you have to make these judgment calls. You're not going to necessarily take all of the blood from a pattern that you believe is all from one individual. You're going to take a representative sample. The same with a trail of blood. If it appears to all be from one individual and it goes for miles, you're not going to necessarily pick up every little stain along the trial.

151 MR. NEUFELD:

I'm not talking about things for miles. I'm talking about things in a Bronco, okay, Miss Kestler, and the question is this.

152 MR. DARDEN:

This is argumentative.

153 THE COURT:

It is. It is. The way the question was phrased, it wasn't confined to the Bronco. Restate the question.

154 MR. NEUFELD:

I'm asking about the Bronco, and my question is this. Was it the standard practice and procedure at the Los Angeles Police Department crime laboratory on June 12th, 1994 that as to any particular stain that they collect--I'm not talking about huge pools of blood. I'm talking about a confined stain--that it was the instruction and procedure at your laboratory that they were to collect as much of a stain as possible if it was going to be used for DNA analysis?

155 MS. KESTLER:

Again, it depends on the size of the stain. You try to collect an adequate amount, and there--we've described that over the years in different amounts. When DNA first started, we said we'd like a quarter size sample. We're down now to a nickel size sample. So if that's what you're asking.

156 MR. NEUFELD:

What's next in line?

157 THE COURT:

1319.

158 MR. NEUFELD:

I'll show you 1319.

159 (Deft's 1319 for id = document)
160 MR. DARDEN:

There's been a previous 352 objection.

161 THE COURT:

All right. With the court reporter, please.

Temperature

tense

Key Quotes (4)

Michele Kestler
No one, no officer that I know of or have ever seen or no one in my experience ever puts the seal on it until they complete their property report because they have to look at the vial. They then put their seal on before giving it over to the property custodian.
Kestler offers a procedural rationale for why the blood envelope may not have been immediately sealed, countering the defense implication of tampering.
Michele Kestler
When DNA first started, we said we'd like a quarter size sample. We're down now to a nickel size sample.
Establishes evolving LAPD standards for DNA sample collection, relevant to the defense's claim that criminalists failed to collect sufficient evidence from the Bronco.
Michele Kestler
When you say 'Friend,' I know him on the department as, you know, many people on the department are my friends.
Kestler minimizes her relationship with Detective Vannatter while acknowledging it, in response to Neufeld's bias-building line of questioning.
Lance A. Ito
All right. Counsel--counsel, we've asked this question now in eight different forms.
The judge signals that Neufeld has exhausted the sealing-tape line of questioning, capturing the repetitive and grinding nature of the examination.

Evidence (3)

People's 163-H (sub K)
Gray analyzed evidence envelope used for refrigerated items, standard LAPD issue
Discussed; Neufeld reads printed sealing instructions aloud from the envelope displayed on the Elmo
People's 183
Photograph of the actual gray envelope used to contain Simpson's blood reference sample drawn June 13, 1994
Displayed; Kestler confirms visible remnants of sealing tape on the upper portion
Defense 1319
Document (unspecified; introduced at end of examination)
Marked for identification; subject to a pending 352 objection

Notable Exchanges (3)

Peter NeufeldMichele Kestler
Neufeld spends the bulk of the examination pressing Kestler on whether the blood envelope's own printed instructions required tamper-resistant sealing tape. Kestler consistently qualifies that the requirement only applies when an envelope is the outermost container booked alone, not when placed inside a sealed box.
strategic
Peter NeufeldMichele Kestler
Neufeld establishes that Kestler's husband works in Robbery-Homicide at Parker Center on the same floor as Vannatter and Lange, building a bias foundation suggesting Kestler has personal loyalties to the detectives central to the blood-handling controversy.
revealing
Peter NeufeldMichele KestlerLance A. Ito
After Neufeld asks the sealing-tape question in multiple reworded forms, Ito cuts him off noting it has been asked 'in eight different forms,' forcing Neufeld to pivot.
procedural

Credibility Attacks (1)

⚔ Michele Kestler
bias / personal relationship
Neufeld elicits that Kestler knows Detective Vannatter personally, is on a first-name basis with him, and that her husband works in the Robbery-Homicide division alongside Vannatter and Lange — implying Kestler has a personal stake in downplaying chain-of-custody problems with the blood evidence.

Witness Demeanor

(Brief pause.) — noted twice during exhibit handling disputes

Objections

15 objections (6 sustained, 8 overruled)
Proceeding 7324 • 161 utterances • Defense witness
Criminal Trial
Department 103
⚖️ Start
📂 AUG 16, 1995 📄 Direct examination of Michele
AUG 16, 1995 KRT DvH TD